Psychology Chapter 14

Terms in this set (21)

personality
individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, acting, and feeling
psychodynamic theories
view personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences
psychoanalysis
Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
unconscious
according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware
free association
in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing
id
reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives -- operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification
ego
largely conscious "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality -- the ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain
superego
part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (conscious) and for future aspirations
psychosexual stages
the childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital)
Oedipus Complex
according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father
identification
process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos
fixation
according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved
defense mechanisms
in psychoanalytic theory, ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
repression
in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories
According to Freud's ideas about the three-part personality structure, the ________ operates on the reality principle and tries to balance demands in a way that produces long-term pleasure rather than pain; the ______ operates on the pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification; and the ________ represents the voice of our internalized ideals.
ego, id, superego
In the psychoanalytic view, conflicts unresolved during one of the psychosexual stages may lead to ________ at that stage.
fixation
Freud believed that our defense mechanisms operate __________ (consciously/unconsciously) and defend us against __________.
unconsciously; anxiety
collective unconscious
Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history
projective test
a personality test, such as the Rorschach, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger protection of one's inner dynamics
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes
Rorschach Inkblot test
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