Type II Diabetes

Term
1 / 22
(1) the traditional oral hypoglycemics
(2) biguanides
(3) thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
(4) dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors
(5) Incretin mimetic ; Amylinomimetc
(The Big Thighs Imply DiabetesII)
Click the card to flip 👆
Terms in this set (22)
(1) the traditional oral hypoglycemics
(2) biguanides
(3) thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
(4) dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors
(5) Incretin mimetic ; Amylinomimetc
(The Big Thighs Imply DiabetesII)
What are the five classes of drugs used to treat type II diabetes?
Sulfonylureas
Traditional Oral Hypoglycemics are also known as ________________.
Promote insulin release from pancreatic beta cells (mostly). May also increase insulin release in pancreas in presence of glucose. They enhance effect of insulin to stimulate glucose uptake in muscle and fat cells. (This was the original drug but it is not used to the same degree anymore)
Describe the mechanism of action of the Sulfonylureas (Traditional Oral Hypoglycemics)
1. Tolbutamide (Orinase)
2. Tolazamide (Tolinase)
3. Acetohexamide (Dymelor)
4. Chlorpropamide (Diabinese)
*ALL "IDES"*
Name four examples of 1st generation Sulfonylureas (Traditional Oral Hypoglycemics).
1. Glipizide (Glucotrol)
2. Glyburide (Diabeta, Glynase, PresTab, Micronase)
3. Repaglinide (Prandin); Nateglinide (Starlix) (non-sulfonylureas but similar action)
*ALL "IDES"*
Name four examples of 2nd generation Sulfonylureas (Traditional Oral Hypoglycemics).
POTENCY (2nd generation is 10 to 100 times more potent than 1st)
__________ is major distinction between 1st and 2nd generation Sulfonylureas (Traditional Oral Hypoglycemics).
Acts by inhibiting absorption of glucose from the gut. Also, decreases hepatic glucose output and improves insulin sensitivity at receptor sites.
In itself increases peripheral glucose uptake and utilization.
Describe mechanism of metformin (Glucophage).
Metformin (Glucophage)
What is an example of a Biguanide?
Metformin (Glucophage)
________________ is probably the most prevalent type 2 diabetes oral medication that you will see on your medical histories in type 2 diabetic patients.
(1) inhibits glucose absorption in gut
(2) decreases hepatic glucose output
(3) improves insulin sensivity
(4) increases glucose uptake in peripheral tissues
What are the 4 mechanisms of action of Metformin (Glucophage), probably the most prevalent type 2 diabetes oral medication that you will see on your medical histories in type 2 diabetic patients.
1. decreases fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations 2. decreases insulin concentrations 3. increases insulin sensitivity at receptor sites 4.increases hepatic insulin sensitivity to suppress endogenous glucose production (some patients can develop a tolerance to metformin and have to be put on something else for a little bit)List the most recent information on the mechanism of the TZDs (thiazolidinediones) - 4 things.Pioglitazone (Actos) Rosiglitazone (Avandia)What are two examples of TZDs (thiazolidinediones)?Lowers blood glucose by improving target cell response to insulin, without increasing pancreatic insulin secretion. Decreases hepatic glucose output. Increases insulin-dependent glucose disposal in muscle.What is the mechanism of action for Pioglitazone (Actos)?Lowers blood glucose by improving target cell response to insulin, without increasing pancreatic insulin secretion. Decreases hepatic glucose output. Increases insulin-dependent glucose disposal in muscle.What is the mechanism of action for Rosiglitazone (Avandia)?By inhibiting this GI tract enzyme (DPP-IV), it allows for presence of an incretin hormone from GI tract to provoke insulin secretion from pancreatic cells.What is the mechanism of action for Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP-IV inhibitors)?DPP-IV inhibitor: Allows for presence of an incretin hormone from GI tract to provoke insulin secretion from pancreatic cells.What is the mechanism of action for Sitagliptin (Januvia)?Sitagliptin (Januvia) Saxagliptin (Onglyza) Linagliptin (Tradjenta) "the gliptins"What are three examples of a Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP-IV inhibitors)?Exenatide (Byetta) Pramlintide (Symlin)What are two examples of Incretin mimetics; Amylinomimetcs?Is an analog of incretin which increases insulin secretion, slows gastric emptying and may decrease food intakeWhat is the mechanism of action of Exenatide (Byetta)?Management of type 2 diabetes in patients receiving sulfonylureas, or TZDs or metformin - given SubQWhat is the use of Exenatide (Byetta)?Adjunct with meal time insulin in type 1 diabetes Adjunct with meal time insulin in type 2 diabetics who add insulin to their oral regimen Given SubQ.What is the use of Pramlintide (Symlin)?Is an analog of human amylin cosecreted with insulin by pancreas; reduces postprandial glucose increases. Mainly by reducing postprandial glucagon secretion.What is the mechanism of action of Pramlintide (Symlin)?