Math Exam Vocabulary and Important Terms/equations

Terms in this set (116)

The most basic building block of geometry. It has no size or shape, only location (0-Dimensional)

A continuous arrangement of infinitely many points. It has infinite length and extends forever in two directions (1-Dimensional)

A flat surface that extends infinitely along its length and width (2-Dimensional)

On the same line

On the same plane

Consists of 2 points (endpoints) and al the points between them are collinear

MEASUREMENTS of figures are equal

The point on the segment that is the same distance from both endpoints (bisects the segment)

Has one endpoint and continues infinitely in one direction

Two rays that share a common endpoint (endpoint is the vertex)

Contains the vertex and divides the angle in half

Angle Addition Postulate

Two smaller interior angles will equal the larger angle

Steps to creating a good definition

1. Classify your term (what is it)
2. Differentiate your term (how does it differ from others)
3. Test by looking for a counterpart

Never intersects, lines have the same slope

Intersect to form 4 right angles

Complementary Angles

Angles who's measures add up to 90 degrees (don't have to be adjacent)

Supplementary Angles

Angles who's measures add up to 180 degrees (don't have to be adjacent)

Vertical Angles

Opposite Angles formed by 2 intersecting lines (congruent measures)

Linear Pair of angles

ADJACENT angles that form a line who's measure is 180 degrees

Lines that never intersect because they're on different planes

A closed figure in a place, formed by connecting line segments endpoint to endpoint with each segment intersecting exactly 2 others

10 sided figure

11 sided figure

Consecutive Angles

Angles that are next to each other

Naming Polygons

List the vertices in consecutive order

A line segment that connects 2 non-consecutive vertices

no diagonals fall outside of the polygon

one or more diagonals are outside the polygon

Congruent Polygon

Corresponding sides and angles are congruent, same size and shape

The sum of the measurements of the sides

Equilateral Polygon

A polygon in which all sides are congruent

Equiangular Polygon

A polygon with all congruent angles

Regular Polygon

A polygon with congruent angles and sides

Triangle with one right angle

A triangle with all angles less than 90 degrees

Obtuse Triangle

A triangle with one angle greater than 90 degrees

Scalene Triangle

All sides different length

Equilateral Triangle

All sides and angles are the same

Isosceles Triangle

At least 2 sides are congruent

A quadrilateral with one set of parallel sides

A quadrilateral with 2 pairs of consecutive, congruent sides

A quadrilateral with 2 sets of parallel sides

A parallelogram with all sides congruent

Parallelogram with 4 right angles

Rectangle with 4 congruent sides

set of all points in a plane at a given distance from a given point

The distance from the center of a circle to the outside (half the diameter)

A given point that names the circle (in the very center roof the circle)

Segments whose endpoints lie on the circle

A chord that passes through the center of a circle (longest possible chord in a circle)

A line that touches the circle at only one point (perpendicular to the radius)

Circle (or other polygon) is circumscribed about a polygon if it passes through each vertex of the polygon

A polygon is inscribed in a circle if each one of its vertexes is passed through by a circle (or other polygon)

They are inside of another but share the same midpoint (the circle and square are concentric)

Part of a circle that is 2 point on a circle

Arc is smaller than a semi-circle (define it with 2 points)

Larger than a semi-circle (define it with 3 points)

The measure of the angle that the arc makes (major arc=360-minor arc)

Three dimensional, set of all points

Isemetric Drawing

Drawing 3-dimensions on a 2-dimensional surface

Circles as the bases

Circle as base, the top is a point

Can have any regular polygon as a base, ends in a point

Can have any regular polygon as its to bases

Sphere cut in half

Moving a figure in space

Types of transformation

Translation, Reflection, Rotation

Moving every vertices of a figure on a parallel path

Translation Vector

The direction in which the vertices are moved in a translation

Figure is rotated around a center point

Mirror image of a figure (line of reflection divides it)

Represents characteristics that sets have in common

Visual Reasoning

Looking at drawings to infer something

Inductive Reasoning

The process of observing data, recognizing PATTERNS, and making generalizations about the patterns

Deductive Reasoning

The process of showing that certain statements follow logically from agreed-upon assumptions and proven FACTS (explains why something works)

Deductive vs. Inductive

Deductive proves conjecture, inductive finds conjecture

An assumption made my using inductive reasoning

The opposite of an "if-then statement"

A line intersecting parallel lines

Corresponding angles

Same location, but on different parallel lines (congruent)

Alternate Interior Angles

Either side of the transversal, but on the inside

Consecutive Interior Angles

Supplementary angles

Consecutive Exterior

Supplementary angles

3 congruency postulates

SSS (side side side), SAS (side angle side), ASA (angle side angle)

All 3 sides are congruent (have to be corresponding)

2 corresponding sides and an included angle are congruent

2 corresponding angles and an included side are congruent

Right Triangle congruency Postulates

HL (hypotenuse Leg), HA (Hypotenuse Angle)

The hypotenuse and a corresponding side is congruent

The hypotenuse and a corresponding angle is congruent

A PERPENDICULAR segment drawn from a vertex to the opposite side

A segment drawn from a vertex the midpoint of the opposite side

corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent

Reflexive Property

When sides or angles are congruent to themselves

Sum of the interior angles

Measure of one angle in a regular polygon

Sum of the exterior angles

360 degrees (always)

Measure of the exterior angle measure of 1 angle of a regular polygon

When two planes intersect, what do they form

When two lines intersect, what do they form

Properties of parallelograms

2 pairs of parallel sides, opposite sides congruent, opposite angles congruent, consecutive angles supplementary, diagonals bisect each other

Properties of kites

two pairs of consecutive sides are congruent, diagonals are perpendicular, non-vertex angles are congruent, diagonal bisects vertex angles

Properties of Isosceles Trapezoids

Non-parallel sides congruent, diagonals are congruent, base angles are congruent, consecutive non base angles are supplementary

Properties of Rectangles

Opposite sides congruent, opposite sides parallel, opposite angles congruent, consecutive angles supplementary, diagonals are congruent, diagonals bisect each other, all vertex angles measure 90 degrees

Properties of Rhombuses

Opposite sides are parallel, opposite angles are congruent, consecutive angles supplementary, diagonals bisect each other, all sides are congruent, diagonals bisect vertex angles

Properties of Squares

Opposite sides are parallel, opposite angles are congruent, consecutive angles are supplementary, diagonals bisect each other, diagonals are congruent, all vertex angles measure 90 degrees, diagonals are perpendicular, all sides are congruent, diagonals bisect vertex angles,.

A dilation is a transformation that produces an image that is the same shape as the original, but is a different size.

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