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Chapter 14 - Interpersonal attraction and close relationships

Terms in this set (35)

Being with others: A fundamental human motive
'A pervasive drive to form and maintain at least a minimum quantity of lasting, positive, and significant interpersonal relationships'.
People are distressed when
they are neglected by others, rejected, excluded, stigmatized, or ostracized; forms of 'social death'.
External threat triggers fear and motivates us to affiliate
seeking others to gain 'cognitive clarity' about the dangers.
patients waiting for open-heart surgery preferred to be with other patients who were post-operative rather than pre-operative.
Biological explanation
Certain faces are more attractive than others
Biological explanation
(1) agreement - among children, adults, men and women, from the same or different cultures on rating attractive faces.
(2) physical features: attractive facial features do not deviate much from average.
Reciprocity (liking others who like us)
a state of imbalance causes distress.
a state of balance exists between two people when the relationship is characterized by 'reciprocity'
1. Triangular theory of love
intimacy
2. Triangular theory of love
passion
3. Triangular theory of love
commitment/decision
Liking (intimacy)
true friendship without passion or long-term commitment
Infatuation (passion)
passionate, obsessive love at first sight without intimacy or commitment
Empty love (commitment)
decision to love another without intimacy or passion
Romantic love (intimacy + passion)
physical and emotional attraction without commitment
Fatuous love (passion + commitment)
commitment based on passion but without time for intimacy to develop
Companionate love (intimacy + commitment)
long-term committed friendship such as marriage
Consummate love (intimacy + passion + commitment)
a complete love consisting of all three components - an ideal
Unrequited love
love felt by one person for another who does not feel love in return
Eros
Passionate love or erotic love
Storge
Friendship or companionate love
Ludus
Game-playing love
Mania
Demanding or possessive love
Pragma
Pragmatic or logical love
Agape
Altruistic or selfless love
Arousal attribution
the arousal caused by an event which then gets misinterpreted in terms of an other event or behaviour
passionate love (an emotion)
1- a heightened state of physiological arousal.
2- the belief that this arousal is triggered by the beloved person
Capilano bridge by Dutton & Aron
excitation transfer

Arousal attribution
roller coaster ride experiment
excitation transfer
1.Reward theory of attraction
direct
(attention, support, money, status, information)
2.Reward theory of attraction
indirect
(to be with someone who is beautiful and smart)
3.Reward theory of attraction
we like the people who are present when we experience reward
Attachment between infants and their parents
similar to the adults' attachment styles in romantic relationships
Attachment Styles
secure insecure
two types of insecure styles
anxious and avoidant
Comparison level
the outcomes that people think they deserve, or can expect to get, in a relationship.
Comparison level for alternatives
the outcomes that people think they could get if they were to enter a different relationship
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