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Anti-Parasitics

Terms in this set (23)

General
Drugs used to control or kill endoparasites (internal parasites) and ectoparasites (external).
Terms
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Anthelmintic
Drug used to eliminate helminth parasites from a host.
Antinematodal
Anthelmintics for nematodes (roundworms).
Anticestodal
Anthelmintics for cestodes (tapeworms).
Antiprotozoal
Anthelmintics for protozoa.
Cestode
Tapeworm.
Ectoparasite
A parasite that lives on the outside body surfaces of its host.
Endoparasite
A parasite that lives inside the body of its host.
Helminth
Parasitic worm including nematodes, cestodes and trematodes.
Nematode
Parasitic worm including roundworms, filarial worms, heartworms.
Protozoa
Single-celled organisms such as Coccidia, Giardia, & Toxoplasma.
Vermicide
Any anthelmintic that kills a worm.
Vermifuge
Drug which only paralyzes the parasite.
Proglottid
Tapeworm body segment.
Characteristics of an Ideal Antiparasitic Drug
1. Selective toxicity

2. Does not induce drug resistance

3. Cost effective

4. Easy to administer

5. Kills adults and immature forms

6. Safe for patient & environment

7. Non-offensive odour
Information about Antiparasitics
Need to know the parasite's life cycle and the specific activity levels of the drug being used.

Client education and comprehension is critical in controlling pet parasites.

Antiparasitics used or sold in vet clinics are often more expensive than retail store products because they are often more reliable, more specific and above all come with the diagnosis, advice and professional guidance of the veterinarian and clinic staff.
Classification of Antiparasitic Drugs
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Drugs for Endoparasites
1. Antinematodals
2. Anticestodals
3. Anti-heartworms
4. Antiprotozoals
Drugs for Ectoparasites
1. Chlorinated hydrocarbons

2. Organophosphates

3. Pyrethrins & pyrethroids

4. Amitraz

5. Imidacloprid

6. Fipronil

7. Insect growth regulators

8. Insect repellents
Drugs for Endoparasites
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Antinematodals
1. Piperazines

2. Benzimidazoles
fenbendazole (Panacur), thiabendazole (Tresaderm). All products in this class end with "azole". Becoming less popular. Requires multiple daily dosing.

3. Organophosphates
Trichlorfon and dichlorvos. Not used for oral dosing in pets anymore.
Can cause neurotoxicity.

4. Avermectins
Ivermectin - Ivomec, Heartgard
Selamectin - Revolution
Milbemycin - Interceptor, Sentinal
Ivermectins especially used for heartworm in pets.
Often have combinations of ivermectin & pyrantel pamoate (Heartgard-Plus)
ivermectin given orally or IM
selamectin given as a topical

5. Pyrantels
pyrantel pamoate or pyrantel tartrate
kill parasites by paralyzing them and thus they detach from GIT and are passed in feces sometimes alive.
often combined with other products for broad spectrum effect. (eq. Heartgard-Plus)
Anticestodals
1. Praziquantel
Droncit, Drontal.
Oral tab or injectable drug to kill tapeworms. Single dose usually effective.
Kills Taenia, Dipylidium and Echinococcus tapeworms.
Drug is an adulticide but not ovicidal (killing eggs).
Drug changes the tapeworm resistance to digestion and allows body to disintegrate whole parasite. Owners never see any parts of a tapeworm in the feces.


2. Epsiprantel
Cestex
Similar to praziquantel but not effective for Echinococcus. Tablets only.
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