Carbohydrates- different types
- monosaccharides (glucose and company)
- disaccharides (maltose and sucrose, etc.)
- polysaccharide (starch and multiple monosaccharides bonded together)
These carbohydrates as used to make ATP via cellular respiration. It's basically a place for energy storage. It can also be used in cells as cell walls (chitin and cellulose are both carbohydrates). Their structure is appropriate, because it's purpose is an energy bank and thus getting the energy when it is needed would be helpful. All you have to do to get energy from polysaccharides is just add H2O and it'll become a simpler monosaccharide, easily able to be formed into ATP.
Lipids- Includes triglycerides, steroids, phospholipids, and fats.
Fats: fatty acids and glycerol, has a carboxyl group at the end. Fats help to protect organs, provide insulation, and to store energy.
Saturated and Unsaturated Fats: Saturated has kinks, Unsaturated has no kinks.
Phospholipids: Has a hydrophobic and hydrophilic part. Vital to the fluid mosaic membrane model. It's structure keeps it so there are hydrophilic parts facing the water while the hydrophobic parts do not in the cell membrane.
Steroids: Hormones and stuff are included in this.
Triglycerols: make up body fat, good for storage of energy.
Proteins- Many different types and functions of proteins, including but not limited to:
- Structural proteins
- Storage proteins
- Transport proteins
- Enzymes
Primary structure is composed of amino acids; secondary structure are alpha helixes and beta sheets; Tertiary structure are folds of a-helixes and b-sheets, R group interactions make them fold; Quaternary structure have complex folds and twists, interaction between proteins with subunits.
Nucleic acids- Usually found in DNA/RNA, have genetic info stored in chains of nucleotides. Nucleotides: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine