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Chapter 12 Vocabulary

Terms in this set (31)

Antiparallel
two strands of DNA are arranged in opposite directions
Codon
three-base code in DNA or RNA.
Deletion
A mutation that involves the loss of a base from a DNA chain.
Deoxyribose
The sugar in DNA
DNA polymerase
enzymes that makes new DNA molecules.
Double helix
twisted-ladder shape of DNA
Exon
in RNA processing the coding sequence that remains in the final mRNA
Helicase
Protein that unzips DNA during DNA replication
Insertion
A mutation that involves the addition of a base to a DNA chain.
Intron
in RNA processing, the sequence that is removed.
Lagging Strand
The strand of DNA that is built away from the direction of the unzipping DNA.
Leading Strand
The strand of DNA that is built continuously as the DNA unzips
Ligase
A protein that joins Okazaki fragments together.
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.
Mutation
permanent change in a cell's DNA.
Nucleotides
Subunits of nucleic acids
Okazaki Fragments
Short segments of DNA that form on the lagging strand.
Point Mutation
A mutation that involves the wrong base at one spot.
Primer
Short segment of RNA that is complementary to DNA during DNA replication
RNA
ribonucleic acid
RNA Primase
Protein that adds a short section of RNA to start production of a new DNA strand
RNA polymerase
enzyme that regulates RNA synthesis.
Ribose
The sugar in RNA
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
type of RNA that associates with proteins to form ribosomes.
Semiconservative replication
method of DNA replication in which parental strands separate, act as templates and produce molecules of DNA with one parental DNA strands and one new DNA strands.
Thymine
A nitrogen base that is only found in DNA
Transcription
process in which mRNA is synthesized from the template DNA.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
type of RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosome.
Translation
process in which mRNA attaches to the ribosome and a protein is assembled.
Uracil
a nitrogen base that is only found in RNA
Anticodon
sequence of 3 bases on the tRNA molecule that compliments the codon on mRNA
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...