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Chemistry Midterm Studyguide, yo

Terms in this set (75)

The state of matter in which a material has neither a definite shape nor volume is?
Gaseous
A chemical change occurs when?
A leaf changes color (cannot go back)
A physical change occurs when?
Glue gun melts a glue stick (can go back)
A measure of the quantity of matter is?
Mass
Which of these is NOT an example of units?
Weight
The abbreviation that represents a volume unit is?
mL
The metric unit for length that is closest to the thickness of a dime is the?
Millimeter
The abbreviation mm represents?
Millimeter
1 cubic centimeter is equivalent to?
1 Mililiter
"In any chemical or physical process, energy is neither created nor destroyed" is a statement of the?
Law of conservation of energy
The specific heat of a given substance?
Is unique to that substance
The temperature that is equivalent to 20°C is
293 K
What is the density of 37.72 g of matter whose volume is 6.80 cm3?
5.5 g/cm^3
Who first proposed an atomic theory based on scientific knowledge?
John Dalton
Experiments with cathode rays led to the discovery of the?
Electron
In the gold foil experiment, most of the particles fired at the foil?
Passed through the foil
The gold foil experiment led to the discovery of the?
Nucleus
Atoms of the same element that have different masses are called?
Isotopes
Isotopes of an element contain different numbers of?
Neutrons
If electrons in an atom have the lowest possible energies, the electrons are in their?
Ground States
For an electron in an atom to change from the ground state to an excited state?
Energy must be absorbed
Most of the volume of an atom is occupied by the?
Electron cloud
The main energy levels of an atom are indicated by the?
Principal Quantum Numbers
The number of orbitals for the d sublevel is?
5
The statement that an electron occupies the lowest available energy orbital is?
The Aufbau Principle
The statement that no more than two electrons in the same atom can occupy a single orbital is?
The Pauli Exclusion Principle
Which of the following rules requires that each of the p orbitals at a particular energy level receive one electron before any of them can have two electrons?
Hund's rule
The abbreviation for atomic mass unit is?
amu
Mendeleev is credited with developing the first successful?
Periodic Table
Elements in a group or column in the periodic table can be expected to have similar?
Properties
The atomic number of sodium, the first element in Period 3, is 11. The atomic number of the second element in this period is?
12
Elements in a group have similar?
Electron Configurations
The outer electron configuration of an alkali metal has?
1 electron in the s orbital
The elements in Group 17 are known by what name?
Halogens
Transition elements are found in which of the following group(s) of the periodic table?
Groups 3-12
A metal is called malleable if it?
Can be hammered into sheets
A solution of two or more metals is?
An alloy
The effect of inner electrons on the attraction between the nucleus and the outer electrons of an atom is called?
Electron Shielding
One method of measuring the size of an atom involves calculating a value that is _____ the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms.?
Half
Going across a period in the periodic table, electron shielding generally has little effect. As a result, the effective nuclear charge?
Increases
Which is the best reason that the atomic radius generally increases with atomic number in each group of elements?
The number of energy level increases
Which of the following electron configurations belongs to an element that is NOT chemically reactive?
1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^6
In the compound sodium fluoride, NaF, the sodium atom loses one electron and the fluorine atom gains one electron to form ions that have electron configurations similar to?
Neon
In many compounds, atoms of main-group elements form ions so that the number of electrons in the outermost energy levels of each ion is?
8
The electron configuration of nitrogen is 1s22s22p3. How many more electrons does nitrogen need to have an electron configuration similar to neon?
3
Atoms of copper and iron?
Tend to form cations
An anion?
Is an ion with a negative charge
The elements of the _____ group satisfy the octet rule without forming compounds.?
Noble gas
Once an atom has full s and p orbitals in its outermost energy level?
It has a stable octet and is unreactive
The energy released when a salt is formed from gaseous ions is called the?
Lattice energy
Which of the following is NOT a property of an ionic compound?
Low boiling point
The melting points of ionic compounds are higher than the melting points of molecular compounds because?
Attractive forces between ions are greater than the attractive forces between molecules
Ionic compounds are brittle because the strong attractive forces?
Hold the layers in relatively fixed positions
A compound that has the same number of positive and negative charges is said to be?
Electroneutral
The indium(II) ion and indium(III) ion?
Have charges of 2+ and 3+, respectively
What is the metallic ion in the compound CuCl2?
Cu2+
What is the formula for the compound formed by calcium ions, Ca2+, and chloride ions, Cl-?
CaCl2
The symbol represents a?
Polyatomic ion
What is the formula for the compound formed by lead(II) ions and chromate ions, CrO42-?
PbCrO4
What is the formula for the compound formed by aluminum(III) and the sulfate ion, SO42-?
Al2(SO4)3
What is the formula for the compound formed by the barium ion, Ba2+, and the hydroxide ion, OH-?
Ba(OH)2
Name the compound Fe(NO2)2?
iron(II) nitrite
Name the compound CuCO3?
copper(II) carbonate
What is the name of Sn3(PO4)4?
tin(IV) phosphate
The chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons is a(n)?
Covalent bond
Which of the following substances most likely has the lowest boiling point?
Cl2
The correct Lewis structure for the oxygen atom has?
Two pairs of valence electrons and two single valence electrons
The correct Lewis structure for the boron atom has?
Three single valence electrons
According to VSEPR theory, which of the following shapes is possible for a molecule with the molecular formula of AB2?
Both linear and bent
According to VSEPR theory, which of the following shapes is possible for a molecule with the molecular formula of AB3?
Both linear and trigonal planar
According to VSEPR theory, a molecule with the molecular formula of A2 is?
Linear in shape
Which of the following compounds most likely has the least bond energy?
I2; I-I bond length = 266 pm
A nonpolar covalent bond is most likely to form between two elements that have a difference in electronegativity values of?
0.1
An ionic bond is most likely to form between two elements that have a difference in electronegativity values of?
3.0
A polar covalent bond is most likely to form between two elements that have a difference in electronegativity values of?
1.5