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The Americans: Reconstruction to the 21st Century: Chapter 8

Terms in this set (19)

Louis Sullivan
Designed the Wainwright building is St. Louis.
Daniel Burnham
Designed the Flatiron building.
Fredrick Law Olmsted
Spear headed the movement for urban parks.
Orville and Wilbur Wright
Pioneered the first airplanes
George Eastman
Created modern film for cameras
Booker T. Washington
African American educator that thought that racism against blacks would end once they proved their worth so society.
Normal and Industrial Institute
Now called Tuskegee, this university aimed equip blacks in agriculture, domestic, or mechanical work.
W. E. B. Du Bois
The first African American to receive a doctorate from Harvard.
Niagara Movement
Insisted that blacks should seek liberal arts education so that black communities would have well educated teachers.
Poll Tax
An annul tax that had to be paid before qualifying to vote.
The grandfather clause
The clause stated that even if a man failed the literacy test or could not afford the poll tax, he was still entitled to vote if he, his father, or his grandfather had been eligible to vote before January, 1 1867. This is important because before this time freed slaves did not have the right to vote so this did not help blacks.
Segregation
Laws that separated blacks and whites in public and private establishments. These were known as Jim Crow Laws
Plessy v. Ferguson
A case reached the supreme court about the segregation laws but they deemed them lawful because they didn't break the 14th amendment in their eyes. They called it separate but equal.
Debt Peonage
A system that bound laborers into slavery to work off debt to the employer.
Joseph Pulitzer
A Hungarian immigrant who had bought the New York World in 1883, pioneered popular innovation, such as large sundae edition, comics, sports, and women news. Pulitzer paper emphasized "sin, sex, and sensation."
William Randolph Hearst
Filled the Journal with exaggerated tales of personal scandals, cruelty, hypnotism, and even an imaginary quest to mars to outdo Pulitzer
Ashcan School
Led by Eakins's student Robert Henri, painted urban life and working people with gritty realism and no frills.
Mark Twain
AKA Samuel Langhorne Clemens, Inspired a host of young authors when he declared his independence of "literature and all the bosh."
rural free delivery (RFD)
A system introduced in 1896 that brought packages to every home.
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