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History Final Review

Terms in this set (100)

13th Amendment
abolished slavery
14 Amendment
granted citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the U.S."
15th Amendment
African Americans can vote
17th Amendment
direct election of senators
How were W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington's fight for racial equality different?
D- focused on voting rights
W- focused on economic goals rather than politcal
Grandfather Clause
if your grandfather could vote, you can vote (used as a way to deprive blacks of the right to vote)
technological changes in the late 1800s
transcontinental railroad, telephone, lightbulb
what do muckrakers write about
exposed corruption in politics & business
social conditions
example of a muckraker
Jacob Riis- social problems
Charles E. Russell- beef industry
Laissez-Faire
government avoids involvement in business
cities grew in the late 1800s due to __________
immigration
Henry Ford's greatest contribution (not the automobile)
the assembly line
The Jungle
describes the meat packing industry
Goals of progressive reform & examples
protect social welfare- YMCA
promote moral improvement- prohibition
create economic reform- socialist party
foster efficiency- time & motion studies
Carrie Nation
member of the temperance movement
attacked bars with a hatchet
What are some reasons people opposed immigrants
feared that their catholic religion would take over
they worked for low wages
What officially gave woman suffrage? When?
not having the right to vote 1869-1920
What did the Chinese Exclusion Act and The Gentlemen's Agreement do?
Laws that prevented Chinese and Japanese immigration to the U.S.
Which court case formally legalized segregation?
Plessy vs Ferguson
Lynching
Hangings without proper court proceedings, mainly happened to African Americans
3 progressive Presidents (in order)
Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson
Trustbusting
gov. getting rid of corporate trusts & monopolies
Americans favored expansion in the late 1800's for what reasons?
spread Christianity, democracy, & American values
Acquire bases for U.S. security
Acquire new markets for trade
What developments led to war with Spain in 1898?
The Cuban Rebellion, American investments in Cuba, Yellow Journalism, the Maine explosion
What was the name of the regiment led by Teddy Roosevelt in the Spanish-American war?
Rough Riders
After the Spanish-American war, the U.S. began to imperialize which parts of the world?
Guam, Puerto Rico Philippines, Hawaii
Open Door Policy with China
The U.S. wanted to ensure they could continue business with China once other nations started to have leaseholds in China
To which early 19th century foreign policy did the Roosevelt Corollary add military force?
Monroe Doctrine
Why did the U.S. support a revolution in Panama?
this allowed the U.S. to build a canal there
What are some of the reasons that America pursued an imperialist foreign policy?
the U.S. needed overseas markets to keep its economy strong
What describes Roosevelt's policy of practicing diplomatic negotiations with countries but having a military force in case it is necessary?
Big Stick Policy
What were the MAIN causes for WW1?
militarism, imperialism, alliance system, nationalism
Why did the U.S. want to remain neutral in WW1?
no reason to join the war
didn't want their sons to go to war
The sinking of what ship resulted in over 120 American deaths and led to the U.S. decision to enter the war?
The Lusitania
The German proposal to form an alliance with Mexico to attack the U.S. was called ___________
The Zimmerman telegram
What was the U.S. "homefront" like in WW1?
blacks & women entered the work force in large #s
Liberty Bonds paid 2/3 of our war costs
people grew "victory gardens"
A movement of African Americans from the Southern US to the North and West between 1910 & 1930
the Great Migration
Central Powers
Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary
Allied Powers
France, Britain, Russia
What did the murder of Franz Ferdinand lead to?
WW1
CPI propaganda was mainly designed to sell _______
war bonds
War bond
temporarily loaned money to the gov.
What was the name of Wilson's plan for preventing war?
14 points
What were the major provisions of the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany was forced to pay reparations
War-Guilt clause
established 9 new nations
barred Germany from having an army
Why were Sacco & Vanzetti convicted of murder and robbery?
their execution was symbolic of discrimination against radical beliefs
After WW1, what foreign policy did the US adopt?
isolationism
What were the Palmer Raids?
A series of raids by the US Department of Justice intended to capture and deport radical leftist
In what way did American values change during the 1920s?
technological advances, more prosperity, and credit
John T. Scopes challenged a Tennessee law that prohibited the teaching of __________
evolution
What was the Teapot Dome Scandal, which President was involved? What did it show about America in the 1920s?
Albert Fall leases gov. land w/ oil to 2 oil companies; Harding was President; it showed that with more money came more greed and scandal
What was the general trend in union membership and strikes during the 1920s?
union membership decreased & there were many strikes
Describe Warren G. Harding's Presidency.
made war a national policy
many of his appointee's were caught in scandal
Why did immigration to the US decrease during the 1920s?
there was an increase in nativism resulting in a limitation on immigration set by congress
What was the outcome of the trial of John T. Scopes?
scopes was found guilty and fined
$100
Industrialization
the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group into an industrial one
Horizontal Cosolidation
combining of many firms engaged in the same type of business into one corporation
vertical integration
combing companies that supply for a particular industry
causes of immigration
find better jobs, escape poverty, escape social class, escape religious persecution
Old immigration
occurred before 1890, had primarily been of people from northern and western Europe
New immigration
In the late 1890s, more than half of all immigrants were from eastern and southern Europe
Ellis Island
In NY harbor, a building there was the processing center for many immigrants arriving from Europe after 1892
Melting Pot Theory
used to describe the US at a time of immigration, a metaphor saying "all the elements are melting together"
Salad Bowl Theory
There are times when newly arrived immigrants don't lose the unique aspects of their cultures like in the melting pot theory
social darwinism
based on Charles Darwin's theories of evolution and natural selection, states that humans have developed through competition with only the strongest surviving
robber barons
alarmed at the cutthroat tactics of industrialist, included: Carnegie, Rockefeller, Vanderbilt, Stanford, and J.P. Morgan
Graft
the acquisition of money in dishonest ways, as in bribing a politician
political machine
an org. linked to a political party that often controlled local gov.
Ida B. Wells
in 1892 she launched a crusade against lynching
Literacy Test Act
if an immigrant knew a language well, then they could stay
Jim Crow Laws
laws created to enforce segregation
Imperialism
economic and political domination of a strong nation over weaker ones
Missionary Diplomacy
to ensure a world free of war the US should promote democracy
Treaty of Paris
ended the S-A War, made Cuba an independent nation, US acquired Guam, Puerto Rico and agreed to pay $20 million for the Philippines
Yellow Journalism
sensational reporting, in which writers often exaggerated & even made up stories
USS Maine
a battleship sent to Cuba to help Americans evacuate, the ship exploded & Spain was blamed for it "Remember the Maine" became a battle cry
Boxer Rebellion
Killed more than 200 foreigners & took others prisoner
Jose Marti
a Cuban rebel leader that was exiled, also was a writer and a poet
Emilio Aguinaldo
a Filipino revolutionary leader who had staged a failed uprising against the Spanish in 1896. Launched a new rebellion after he was contacted.
Queen Liliuokalani
the last ruling monarch of the Hawaiian Islands. forced to accept a new constitution that minimized the power of the monarchy
Sanford B. Dole
led a group of planters in a revolt against Queen Liliuokalani after she restored the power of the monarchy in Hawaii
John Hay
supported the Open Door Policy, he sent notes to countries with leaseholds in China in 1899 asking them not to discriminate against other nations wanting to do business in their sphere of influence
Schlieefen Plan
Germany's plan against France & Russia hoping to knock France out of the war
Selective Service Act
required all men ages 21-30 to register for a draft for military service & began in 1917
Conscientious objector
a person who refuses to serve in the armed forced
propaganda
the spreading of ideas about an institution or individual for the purpose of influencing opinion
Reparations
payment by the losing country in a war to the winner for the damages caused by the war
Woodrow Wilson
President during WW1, against imperialism & thought the US should spread democracy, presented the 14 points after WW1, served 2 terms
no man's land
the space between opposing tranches, filled with craters & barbed wire
Trench Warfare
3 types: front line, support, reserve
anarchist
a person that doesn't believe in gov.
installment plan
a system for paying for goods by installment
Clarence Darrow
US lawyer, leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union
William J. Bryan
a dominant force in the populist wing of the democratic party, stood 3 times as the party's candidate for President
Quota System
limiting by nationality the # of immigrants who may enter the US each year
Flapper
young women who embraced the new fashion
Speakeasy
a place where alcohol was sold illegally
Fundamentalism
upholds belief in the strict, literal interpretation of scripture
Harlem Renaissance
name given to cultural, social, & artistic explosion that took place after WW1 to the mid 1930s
Double Standard
a rule that's unfairly applied in different ways to different people
prohibition
the banning of alcohol
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