Anatomy Chapter 6

Muscles
Click the card to flip 👆
1 / 51
Terms in this set (51)
Muscles
Responsible for all types of body movement
Skeltal, cardiac, smooth
What are the three types of muscles?
Maintain posture, produce movement, stabilize joints, generate heat
What are the four functions of muscles?
Elongated; Muscle fiber
Muzcles cells are --- ; Muscle cell=
Due to movement of microfilaments
Why do muscles contract?
Myo, mys, sarco
Two prefix that refer to muscle and one to flesh:
Smooth muscle
No striations; spindle-shaped cells; single nucleus;
Smooth and cardiac; skeletal
What types of muscle are involuntary? Voluntary?
In the walls of hollow organs
Where are smooth muscles located?
Cardiac muscle
Has striations; usually a single nucleus; joined to another muscle cell at an intercalated disc; found only in the heart
Excitability/ irritabilityResponds to stimuliContractilityAble to shorten in lengthExtensibilityStretches when pulledElasticityTends to return to original shale and length after contraction or extensionSkeletal muscleMultinucleate; striated; attached by tendons to bones; surrounded and bundled by connective tissueTendonCord-like structureAponeurosesSheet-like structureBones, cartilages, connective tissue coveringsWhat are the three site of muscle attachment?EndomysiumAround a single muscle fiberPerimysiumAround a fascicle of fibersEpimysiumCovers the entire skeletal muscleFasciaOn the outside of the epimysiumThe release of a neurotransmitter due to a nervous impulse, calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum which then joins to the Troponin formind Tropomyosin, this compound then moves away from the actuce site if the Actin allowing a cross bridge to form, with the breakdown of ATP energy is released and the Myosin can pull the Actin fibers inward, once the ATP binds to the myosin cross bridge is broken, the myosin and actin can once again bindand the actin will be repeatedly pulled over the myosin, it ends when the calcium returns to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the actin returns to its resting spotState the basic steps of the Sliding Filament TheorySlow twitch muscle fibersSlow repetitive movements; recruited first in any activity; dense with mitochondira; use oxygen for energyFast twitch muscle fibersQuick explosive movements; recruited second in any activity; mitochondira concentration is lowSlow twitch; fast twitchWhich type of muscle fiber is ised dor aerobic exercise? Anaerobic?TwitchSingle, brief contraction; not a normal muscle functionTetanusOne contraction is immediately followed by anotherUnfused (incomplete) tetanusSome relaxation occurs in between contractionsFused (complete) tetanusNo evidence of relaxation before the following contractionsATPOnly 4-6 seconds worth is stored by muscles; bonds are broken to release energyOxygen debtThe common reason for muscle fatigueInvoluntary muscleA muscle that contracts without conscious control; cardiac and smooth muscleVoluntary muscleA muscle that contracts with conscious control; skeletal muscleOriginPoint of attachment for a muscleInsertionPoint of attachment of a skeletal muscle to a boneAerobic; AnaerobicAction with oxygen vs withoutAtrophyWaste away/ deveease in sizeHypertrophyBuild up/ increase in sizeFlexionThe act of bending or the condition of being bentExtensionThe movement by which the tao ends of any jointed part are drawn away from eachotherRotationThe process of turning around on an axisAbductionMovemenf of body oart away from the median olaneCircumductionMovement in a circular directionPrime moverMuscle with the major responsibility for a certain movementAntagonistMuscle that opposes or rverses a prime moverSynergistMuscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotationFixatorStabilizes the origin of a prime moverPairsMuscles work in ---Direction of muscle fibers; relarive size of the muscle; location of the muscle; number of origins; location of the muscles origin and insertion; shape of the muscle; action of the muscleHow are muscle fibers named (7 points)?Rest, ice, compress, elevateWhat is RICE?