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Which of the following food groups ordinarily contains the highest amount of riboflavin when expressed per kcalorie?
a. Dairy
b. Meats
c. Fruits
d. Vegetables
a. Dairy
b. Meats
c. Fruits
d. Vegetables
d
Which of the following vitamins is synthesized by intestinal bacteria?
a. A
b. E
c. K
d. D
a. A
b. E
c. K
d. D
c
Which of the following characteristics is shared by vitamin B12 and folate?
a. Both are required for nucleic acid synthesis
b. Both require intrinsic factors for their release from food proteins
c. Both are found in significant amounts in green leafy vegetables
d. Both are considered problem nutrients for strict vegetarians
a. Both are required for nucleic acid synthesis
b. Both require intrinsic factors for their release from food proteins
c. Both are found in significant amounts in green leafy vegetables
d. Both are considered problem nutrients for strict vegetarians
a
A person with a disorder that limits absorption of bile is at increased risk for deficiency of
a. folate.
b. niacin.
c. riboflavin.
d. ascorbic acid
a. folate.
b. niacin.
c. riboflavin.
d. ascorbic acid
a
Which of the following vitamins is known to sustain substantial losses during processing of food?
a. Biotin
b. Niacin
c. Vitamin B12
d. Pantothenic acid
a. Biotin
b. Niacin
c. Vitamin B12
d. Pantothenic acid
d
What is the approximate niacin RDA for adults?
a. 15 niacin equivalents
b. 30 niacin equivalents
c. 15 tryptophan equivalents
d. 30 tryptophan equivalents
a. 15 niacin equivalents
b. 30 niacin equivalents
c. 15 tryptophan equivalents
d. 30 tryptophan equivalents
a
Among the following, which contains the highest concentration of vitamin E?
a. Butter
b. Carrots
c. Milk fat
d. Corn oil
a. Butter
b. Carrots
c. Milk fat
d. Corn oil
d
Which of the following is a feature of folate nutrition?
a. The coenzyme form is FAD
b. Dairy foods are a poor source of folate except for goat's milk
c. Insufficient folate intake results in deficiency of homocysteine
d. Synthetic folate is 70% more available than naturally occurring food folate
a. The coenzyme form is FAD
b. Dairy foods are a poor source of folate except for goat's milk
c. Insufficient folate intake results in deficiency of homocysteine
d. Synthetic folate is 70% more available than naturally occurring food folate
d
The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome may be treated with supplements of
a. folacin.
b. thiamin.
c. vitamin C.
d. vitamin B12
a. folacin.
b. thiamin.
c. vitamin C.
d. vitamin B12
b
What is the function of intrinsic factor in vitamin B12 absorption?
a. It catalyzes release of the vitamin from its protein-bound form
b. It attaches to the vitamin, thereby allowing absorption from the intestines
c. It acts as a storage protein for the vitamin within the intestinal epithelial cells
d. It acts as a cofactor for mucosal enzymes involved in absorption of the vitamin
a. It catalyzes release of the vitamin from its protein-bound form
b. It attaches to the vitamin, thereby allowing absorption from the intestines
c. It acts as a storage protein for the vitamin within the intestinal epithelial cells
d. It acts as a cofactor for mucosal enzymes involved in absorption of the vitamin
b
What is the adult AI for vitamin K?
a. 45-60 µg
b. 90-120 µg
c. 150-300 µg
d. 500-550 µg
a. 45-60 µg
b. 90-120 µg
c. 150-300 µg
d. 500-550 µg
b
What is the RDA for folate for a woman weighing 132 pounds?
a. 180 μg
b. 220 μg
c. 242 μg
d. 400 μg
a. 180 μg
b. 220 μg
c. 242 μg
d. 400 μg
d
People with the condition known as iron overload may be adversely affected from taking supplements of
a. niacin.
b. retinol.
c. cobalamin.
d. ascorbic acid
a. niacin.
b. retinol.
c. cobalamin.
d. ascorbic acid
d
What vitamin is involved mainly with the replacement of red blood cells and digestive tract cells?
a. Folate
b. Niacin
c. Thiamin
d. Riboflavin
a. Folate
b. Niacin
c. Thiamin
d. Riboflavin
a
Features of biotin in nutrition include all of the following except
a. it functions in the breakdown of amino acids and fatty acids.
b. it functions as a carrier of carbon dioxide in energy metabolism.
c. a deficiency can be induced by ingesting large quantities of raw egg whites.
d. a deficiency can be induced by ingesting large amounts of thiamin and folic acid, which interfere with its absorption
a. it functions in the breakdown of amino acids and fatty acids.
b. it functions as a carrier of carbon dioxide in energy metabolism.
c. a deficiency can be induced by ingesting large quantities of raw egg whites.
d. a deficiency can be induced by ingesting large amounts of thiamin and folic acid, which interfere with its absorption
d
A common drug for the treatment of tuberculosis is known to markedly interfere in the metabolism of vitamin
a. B6.
b. B12.
c. C.
d. D
a. B6.
b. B12.
c. C.
d. D
a
Which of the following is a characteristic of thiamin nutrition?
a. The coenzyme contains pyrosulfate
b. It is required for regeneration of folate
c. It is required for regeneration of niacin
d. It is an integral part of the nerve cell membrane
a. The coenzyme contains pyrosulfate
b. It is required for regeneration of folate
c. It is required for regeneration of niacin
d. It is an integral part of the nerve cell membrane
d
Which of the following is a feature of vitamin K?
a. It participates in synthesis of bone proteins
b. Large amounts can be stored in adipose tissue
c. Good food sources are legumes and raw fruits
d. Intestinal bacterial synthesis provides over 90% of the body's need for most people
a. It participates in synthesis of bone proteins
b. Large amounts can be stored in adipose tissue
c. Good food sources are legumes and raw fruits
d. Intestinal bacterial synthesis provides over 90% of the body's need for most people
a
Tryptophan can be used in the body to synthesize
a. FAD.
b. biotin.
c. niacin.
d. inositol
a. FAD.
b. biotin.
c. niacin.
d. inositol
c
Which of the following is a feature of vitamin K?
a. A deficiency increases the risk for hemophilia
b. A deficiency leads to keratinization of the cornea
c. Bacteria in the intestines synthesize bioavailable vitamin K
d. There are multiple forms in the diet of which menadione is the naturally occurring form
a. A deficiency increases the risk for hemophilia
b. A deficiency leads to keratinization of the cornea
c. Bacteria in the intestines synthesize bioavailable vitamin K
d. There are multiple forms in the diet of which menadione is the naturally occurring form
c
Which of the following nutrients functions to prevent the appearance of a bilateral, symmetrical dermatitis, primarily on areas exposed to the sun?
a. Niacin
b. Choline
c. Inositol
d. Riboflavin
a. Niacin
b. Choline
c. Inositol
d. Riboflavin
a
Pernicious anemia results from a deficiency of
a. folate.
b. selenium.
c. vitamin B12.
d. iron and copper
a. folate.
b. selenium.
c. vitamin B12.
d. iron and copper
c
Which of the following vitamins is involved substantially in energy transformation reactions?
a. Biotin
b. Cobalamin
c. Riboflavin
d. Pyridoxine
a. Biotin
b. Cobalamin
c. Riboflavin
d. Pyridoxine
c
All of the following are consequences of ingesting excess vitamin C supplements except
a. they frequently cause diarrhea.
b. they appear safe at levels up to 2000 mg/day.
c. they enhance the action of anticlotting medications.
d. they interfere with laboratory urine tests for the diagnosis of diabetes
a. they frequently cause diarrhea.
b. they appear safe at levels up to 2000 mg/day.
c. they enhance the action of anticlotting medications.
d. they interfere with laboratory urine tests for the diagnosis of diabetes
c
The absorption of which of the following vitamins is most affected by the disorder atrophic gastritis?
a. Choline
b. Vitamin C
c. Vitamin B12
d. Pantothenic acid
a. Choline
b. Vitamin C
c. Vitamin B12
d. Pantothenic acid
c
How is vitamin E thought to play a role in reducing the risk of heart disease?
a. It inhibits absorption of dietary cholesterol
b. It slows oxidation of low-density lipoproteins
c. It interferes with cholesterol synthesis by the liver
d. It speeds removal of blood cholesterol by the liver
a. It inhibits absorption of dietary cholesterol
b. It slows oxidation of low-density lipoproteins
c. It interferes with cholesterol synthesis by the liver
d. It speeds removal of blood cholesterol by the liver
b
Among the following water-soluble vitamins, a secondary deficiency would most likely be seen for
a. biotin.
b. thiamin.
c. vitamin C.
d. vitamin B12
a. biotin.
b. thiamin.
c. vitamin C.
d. vitamin B12
d