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AP Human Geography 01: Basic Concepts

Terms in this set (52)

Built Landscape
an area of land represented by its features and patterns of human occupation and use of natural resources [Changing attribute of a place]
Sequent Occupance
The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape. This is an important concept in geography because it symbolizes how humans interact with their surroundings. [Changing attribute of a place]
Cultural Landscape
A combination of cultural features such as language and religion, economic features such as agriculture and industry, and physical features such as climate and vegetation. (defined by Carl Sauer as an area fashioned from nature by a cultural group) [Cultural Attributes]
Density
the frequency with which something occurs in space (can be measures of people, houses, cars, volcanoes, or anything, with any method of measurement)
Arithmetic density
Total number of objects in an area, commonly used to compare distribution of population in different countries. (# people / sq. kilometer / mile) [no correlation of high density & large population or high density to poverty]
Physiological density
number of persons per unit of area suitable for agriculture. Could mean a country has difficulty growing enough food.
Agricultural Density
number of farmers per unit area of farmland. Could mean that a country has inefficient agriculture.
High Housing Density
The number of dwelling units per unit of area -- may mean people live in overcrowded housing
Diffusion
process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time (through complex transportation, communications, resulting in complicated interactions) Can mean people in different regions can modify ideas at the same time in different ways.
Hearth
the place from which an innovation originates; diffuses from there to other places [diffusion]
How a hearth emerges
Cultural group must be willing to try something new and be able to allocate resources to nurture the innovation. Group of people must have the technical ability to achieve the desired idea and economic structures, to facilitate implementation of the innovation.
Relocation Diffusion
The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another; migrate for political, economic, envir. issues that bring their culture with them to a new place; helps understand spread of AIDS
Expansion Diffusion
The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process
Hierarchical diffusion
Spread of ana idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places of power (hip-hop: low-income people, but urban society); from people/places of power
Contagious diffusion
rapid, widespread difufsion of a characteristic throughout the population; diseases and ideas spread without relocation
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