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Respiratory System

Terms in this set (43)

Carbon dioxide
is a waste product produce during cellular respiration
Respiratory and cardiovascular systems
work together to bring in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide
Respiratory system
includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. It provides for gas exchange, intake of O2 and the removal of CO2
The respiratory system
helps regulate blood PH, contains receptors for the sense of smell, filters, warms, and moistens inspired air, and produces sounds
The lungs
3 right lobes superior, middle, and inferior & 2 left lobes superior and inferior
Fissures
are deep indentations that separates the lungs into lobes.
horizontal fissure
seperates the right upper lobe from the right middle lobe
oblique fissures
separates the right middle lobe from the right inferior lobe and the left superior lobe from the left inferior lobe
pleural membranes
double-layered serous membrane surrounding each lung
parietal pleura
outer layer that lines the interior of the thoracic cavity and the superior surface of the diaphragm
visceral pleura
adheres tightly to the surface of the lung
pleural cavity
thin space between the parietal and visceral pleurae
respiratory tract
series of branching tubes that conduct air to and from the respiratory zone for gas exchange
upper respiratory tract
passages superior to the thoracic cavity, nose and pharynx
lower respiratory tract
passages within the thoracic cavity, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs
functionally divided
into the conducting and respiratory zones
conducting zone
consists of all airways that carry air to the lungs, nose, pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles
respiratory zone
sites within the lungs where gas exchange occurs, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli
The conducting zone
begins with the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, which filter, warm, and humidify oxygenated (inhaled) air
pharynx
air from the nasal cavity enters the throat which has three divisions
Nasopharynx
posterior to nasal cavity, soft palate muscles prevents food from entering during swallowing,
Oropharynx
posterior to oral cavity, both food and air pass through
Laryngopharynx
region between the larynx and esophagus, food and air pass through also
larynx
also called voice box, short passage formed by nine cartilage structures, air passes from the pharynx
epiglottis
elastic cartilage that seals off the larynx from food and liquids
thyroid cartilage
largest cartilage which forms the anterior and lateral walls of the larynx
cricoid cartilage
inferior to the thyroid cartilage
cricothyroid ligament
soft piece of connective tissue between the thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage
false vocal cords
do not make sound, superior elastic ligament serves as a sphincter to close off the larynx
true vocal cords
inferior set, vibrates as air passes through to generate sound
Bronchial tree
trachea, primary bronchus, secondary bronchus, tertiary bronchus, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
trachea
tube supported by C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage where inspired air passes from the larynx
The trachea bifurcates
into two primary bronchi
Right primary bronchus
is short, straight, and wide
Left primary bronchus
is long, horizontal and narrow
secondary bronchi
each serve one lobe of the lung
bronchioles
tiny air passages smaller than 1 millimeter in diameter
terminal bronchioles
smaller than 0.5 millimeter and these mark the end of the conducting zone
The respiratory zone
begins with respiratory bronchioles which contain alveoli thin-walled sacs
alveoli duct
bronchiole branches that gained more alveoli until it is made up of all alveoli,
alveoli sacs
terminal end of the respiratory zone, grapelike clusters of alveoli surrounded by pulmonary capillaries where pulmonary gas exchange takes place
respiratory tract histology
consists of three tissue layers, mucosa, submucosa, and adventitia
mucosa
lines all passageways that open to the outside of the body, including the respiratory tract
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