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Block 2: Intro to Infectious Disease

Terms in this set (27)

Primary Pathogen
Can cause disease in any host
Opportunistic Pathogen
Only causes disease in hosts with impaired or a damaged defense
Disease
Condition where there is a noticeable impairment of function
Infection
When a microorganism penetrates the body surface and multiplies, causing the host to react.
Virulence
Ability of an organism to cause disease
Asymptomatic Carriage
State where an infection exists with no clinical symptoms
Colonization
Establishment of microbial growth on a body surface
Autoimmune activation
Microbe produces proteins or polysaccharides which have antigenic determinants that may be cross reactive to host products. Host destroys its own cells.
Superantigens
Microbial products that activate a high proportion of host T-cells, by linking them with antigen presenting cells. Causes up to 20% of T-cells to be released.
Bacteriocins
Toxic bacterial proteins that kill other bacteria. May be used by normal flora to keep pathogens away.
Fomites
Inanimate objects which harbor organism, i.e. toothbrush
Koch's Postulate 1
The bacterium should be found in all people who have the disease. And, the bacterium should be found in parts of the body affected by the disease.
Koch's Postulate 2
Bacterium should be isolated from the lesions of an affected person and maintained in pure culture.
Koch Postulate 3
Pure culture, inoculated into a susceptile human volunteer or animal, should reproduce the disease systems.
Koch's Postulate 4
Same bacterium should be reisolated in pure culture from the intentionally infected individual.
Limits to Koch's Postulates
Ignores the role of the host; Fastidious organism harder to culture; Variability in virulence; Ethical problems with experimentation; Polymicrobial infections
Pili
Bacterial structures which establish contact between bacterium and host cell (glycoproteins and glycolipids)
Adhesins
Surface proteins which mediate intimate contact with host cell; Ex. F protein and fibronectin (tighter connections)
Biofilms
Dense multiorganism layers on a surface.
Induced Phagocytosis
Entry into cells that are not phagocytic using proteins called invasins to rearrange actin cytoskeleton. (Pseudopod-like structure)
Phagocytic Escape
Bacterial protein forms a pore to disrupt the vesicle membrane and allow the pathogen to escape.
Iron Acquisition
Siderophores; Taking advantage of host siderophores; Cytotoxins kill host cells liberating iron
Evading the Ab Response
Protein A of S. aureus and Protein G of S. pyogenes bind Fc portion of Ab, which coats the bacteria with non-functional host protein.
AB Toxins
Active and binding subunits making up an exotoxin that ADP-ribosylates a protein. Toxins enter through translocation or endocytosis.
Pore Former
Acts to lyse the cell by allowing quick H2O entry as a response to the osmotic gradient.
Hemolysins
Exotoxin membrane disruptors.
Phospholipase
Enzymatically removes charged head of phospholipids to destabilize membrane leading to lysis.
Verified questions
chemistry
Consider the chemical equation below. What is the maximum number of moles of $\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4$ that $\mathrm{can}$ be obtained from a reaction mixture containing $5.0$ moles each of $\mathrm{KMnO}_4, \mathrm{Kl}$, and $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4$ ?\ (a) $3.0 \mathrm{~mol}$ (b) $3.8 \mathrm{~mol}$; (c) $5.0 \mathrm{~mol}$; (d) $6.0 \mathrm{~mol}$; (e) $15 \mathrm{~mol}$. $$ \text{$2 \mathrm{KMnO}_4+10 \mathrm{KI}+8 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4 \longrightarrow \mathrm{2MnSO}_4+5 \mathrm{I}_2+8 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$ + $6 \mathrm{~K}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4$} $$
Verified answer
biology
Testable, scientific explanation for observations __________.(a). controlled experiment (b). hypothesis (c). observation (d). theory
Verified answer
physics
Explain why all charged particles with a certain speed pass through a velocity selector undeflected, regardless of their charge and mass.
Verified answer
physics
A 0.50-W, 220- $\Omega$ resistor carries the maximum current possible without damaging the resistor. If the current were reduced to half the value, what would be the power consumed?
Verified answer