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Anatomy: Coronary & pulmonary

Terms in this set (104)

johns heart pumps enough blood to fill ____ barrels each day
40
there are vessels approximately _____ miles long inside the human body
75
the arteries that feed the hearts own muscular walls are the___________ arteries
coronary
the growth inside johns heart consists of ____________
cholesterol
cholesterol is needed by our bodies but most of what we need is manufactured by our
livers
if there is too much cholesterol in your blood the surplus seeps into the blood stream it spills out polluting the blood stream with
free floating fat
the cholesterol globules sink into the cracks of the arteries in our arteries creating
plaque
over the years it reduces the free flow of
blood
how were johns starving cells ably to get oxygen
by creating new vessels
johns heart is designed to meet his need____________
of his body
it needs to beat no more than _____ times per minutes when he is sitting still to maintain precision its uses ____________ the heart is the only organ with its own power supply
70, electricity
each pulse surges through the cells of the hearts muscular walls forcing them to beat in __________ and keep perfect time
unison
what happened to the membrane of plaque
it rips open
as a result what did the red blood cells do
they clot on the plaque
the pain felt like
indigestion
as the indigestion gets worse he feels pain in his ______ ______. 4 million muscle cells are running after oxygen
left arm
______________ goes to his blood stream soaking into the walls and making the pacemaker work faster
adrenaline
because the starving cells are receiving no oxygen then what do they do
they are forced to stop beating
what do the other cells have to do because of that
they have to pick up the slack
why was he struggling to breathe be able to understand why
lungs fill with fluid
the lack of oxygen is beginning to affect his brain making him feel
dizzy and disoriented
what happens to his starving heart muscles
they burst and die
at this point he is losing 500 heart cells per second and unlike other cells in his body these can never be
replaced
they were able to determine where the attack was taking place by using the ECG to measure the pattern of
dying muscle
how many cells have been lost
half a million cells
what caused his heart into chaos
one single heart cell with a different beat
what was this called
fibrillation
know what they did to correct the problem
they shocked him to stop heart and allow pacemaker to take over
for the rest of his life he will take _________________________ drugs his heart will have a ________ permanently as a reminder of what happened
blood thinning, scar
take blood away from heart
arteries
take blood to heart
veins
are thick walled, they need this because
arteries, they need elasticity for heart pumping
are thin walled
veins
don't have valves because
arteries, so much pressure from heart
have valves needed because
veins, no pressure in veins so it would back up
the major function of the cardiovascular system is
transportation
the system carries
cell waste, oxygen, nutrients, hormones
what is doing the actual carrying of these materials
blood
sac around heart
pericardium
outer lining of the heart
epicardium
inside lining
endocardium
(heart attacks) heart muscle
myocardium
inflammation of the pericardium
pericarditis
what is the difference in systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation? how does coronary circulation fit in this pattern
pulmonary- circulated from heart to lungs for gas exchange
systemic- circulated blood to whole body
coronary- feeding of heart tissue
chest pain, myocardium deprived of oxygen
angina pectoris
formed by dead heart cells due to lack of oxygen
infarct
heart attack
myocardial infarction
exactly where in the body is the heart located
just behind and slightly left of breast bone (mediastinum)
lack of blood
ischemia
artery creation
angiogenesis
venuous
arteriales
septum
Name of the wall that separates the sides of the heart.
chordae tendineae
"heart strings" are tiny white collagenic cords that anchor the cusps to the ventricular walls. They originate from the papillary muscles.
why would someone need a pacemaker
arrhythmia is happening, needed to maintain heartbeat
what is fibrillation and why is it deadly
rapid, uncoordinated shuddering of heart muscle, makes heart useless as a pump, heart attacks
what does a defibrillator do
shocks heart and stops the heart and restarts it
electrocardiogram- EKG/ECG- tells us
traces flow of electrical current
what sound does the heart make? what is causing those sounds
"lub-dup" AV valves closes; when the semilunar valves close at the end of systole
too much potassium in blood can affect muscles
hyperkalemia
irregular beat
arrhythmia
from all the body tissue from feet to shoulders
inferior vena cava
from head to shoulders
superior vena cava
force blood excerpts against the enteiror walls of the blood vessels that serculate the blood
blood pressure
120
systolic
80
diastolic
120/80
heart is relaxed
refuels station
pulmonary
blood from head to toe
systemic
alternate expanding and contracting of the arterial system
pulse
arteries--->
articles---> capillary beds
swallow
articles
pick up waste to get rid of something
capillary beds
bottom of heart/ apex
strongest
middle of heart
strong
top of heart
weak
pulmonary circulation
taking into heart lungs and back adding oxygen to blood
after entering vena cava goes to
right atrium
after entering right atrium it goes through the
tricuspid
after entering through the tricuspid goes to
right ventricle
after entering right ventricle goes through the
pulmonary semilunar
after entering through the pulmonary semilunar it goes to the
pulmonary artory
after entering pulmonary artery goes to
R and L lungs
after going to lungs it enters back into the
left and right pulmonary veins
after entering through the pulmonary veins it goes to the
left atrium
after entering the left atrium it goes through the
bicuspid
after going through the bicuspid it is in the
left ventricle
after entering the left ventricle it goes through the
aortic semilunar
after entering the aortic semilunar it enters the
aorta and spreads through the body
The heart is a coneshaped muscular organ located within the _____.
mediastrium
Its apex rests on the _____ and its base is at the level of the _____ rib.
Diaphragm, second
The coronary arteries that nourish the myocardium arise from the _____.
Aorta
The coronary sinus empties into the _____.
Right Atrium
The ______ are receiving chambers and the _______ are discharging chambers.
Atria, ventricles
The membrane that lines the heart and also forms the valve flaps
Endocardium
The outermost layer of the heart
Epicardium
The fluid that fills the pericardial sac acts to decrease _____ during heart activity.
Friction
tissue in the heart
cardiac muscle
order of the hearts electrical system
-SA node
-AV node
-AV bundle
-bundle branches
-purkinje fibers
A recording of the electrical activity of the heart
Electrocardiogram
An abnormally slow heart beat, that is, below 60 beats per minute
Bradycardia
A condition in which the heart is uncoordinated and useless as a pump
Fibrillation
An abnormally rapid heart beat, that is, over 100 beats per minute
Tachycardia
Chest pain, resulting from ischemia of the myocardium
Angina pectoris
factors that lead to an increase in cardiac output by influencing either heart rate or stroke volume
epinephrine, thyroxine, fear, exercise, activation of the sympathetic nervous system, high blood pressure, fever
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