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Angela Sese's MOTIVATION Vocabulary

Terms in this set (25)

motivation
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
instinct
A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
drive-reduction theory
The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry around a particular level
incentive
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
hierarchy of needs
Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
glucose
The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues (when its level is low, we feel hunger)
set point
The point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight
basal metabolic rate
The body's resting rate of energy expenditure
anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder in which a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly (15% or more) underweight, yet still feeling fat, continues to starve
bulimia nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise
sexual response cycle
The four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
refractory period
A resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm
estrogen
A sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males (in nonhuman female mammals, levels of this hormone peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity)
testosterone
male sex horomone
sexual disorder
A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning
sexual orientation
An enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual) or the other sex (heterosexual)
achievement motivation
A desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard
intrinsic motivation
internally you can motivate yourself to do something without someone telling you or bribing you
extrinsic motivation
external factor that has to motivate you like money or a reward
industrial-organizational psychology
The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
task leadership
Goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals
social leadership
Group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support
Theory X
Assumes that workers are basically lazy, error-prone, and extrinsically motivated by money and, thus, should be directed from above
Theory Y
Assumes that, given a challenge and freedom, workers are motivated to achieve self-esteem and to demonstrate their competence and creativity
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