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W Hist Ch 14 Vocab

Terms in this set (30)

simony
Practice of selling positions in the church
Gothic
Style of architecture of the cathedrals during the Middle Ages
Urban II
Pope who called for the first Crusade
Crusade
A holy war
Saladin
Famous Muslim leader of the1100s
Richard the Lion-Hearted
English king who fought Saladin in the Third Crusade
Reconquista
Effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain
Inquisition
Church court that tried people suspected of having opposing religious beliefs
three-field system
Farmland divided into three equal-sized fields, in which crops were rotated
guild
An organization working to get the best prices or working conditions
Commercial Revolution
The expansion of trade and changes in business practices
burgher
Merchant class person who lived in a town
vernacular
Everyday language.
Thomas Aquinas
Scholar who argued that the most basic religious truths could be proved by sound reasoning.
scholastics
Scholars who gathered and taught at universities
William the Conqueror
Duke of Normandy who invaded England in 1066 and
claimed the English crown
Henry II
English king who added French lands to English holdings by marrying Eleanor of Aquitaine
common law
A body of rulings by English judges
Magna Carta
Great Charter, which guaranteed certain basic political rights
parliament
Body of representatives that makes laws for a nation
Hugh Capet
Founder of the dynasty that ruled France from 987-1328
Philip II
One of the most powerful Capetian kings
Estates General
A council of representatives that advise the French king
Avignon City
in France where the pope moved temporarily
Great Schism
Division in the Church created by having popes in both Avignon and Rome
John Wycliffe
English scholar who argued that the Bible was the final authority for Christian life
John Huss
Bohemian scholar who taught that the Bible was the final authority for Christian life
Black Death
Deadly disease that spread across Asia and Europe in the mid-14th century
Hundred Years' War
War between England and France waged from 1337 to 1453
Joan of Arc
English peasant who led the French army to victory at Orleans
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