Daily living skills final study guide

Levels of the food pyramid
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Terms in this set (46)
Levels of the food pyramid
Level 1: fats, oils, sweets
Level 2: meat, poultry, fish, eggs, nuts
Level 3: milk, yogurt, cheese
Level 4: veggies
Level 5: fruits
Level 6: bread, cereal, pasta, rice
Bread
To coat with bread crumbs. Or mixture of beaten egg and milk. Then crumbs
Cut in
To distribute small pieces of solid fat evenly through dry ingredients using two knives or a fork or a pastry blender
Cube
To cut into one half-inch solid pieces with 6 equal sides
Dice
To cut into small cubes of less than one-half inch
Dredge
To sprinkle or coat with flour or fine crumbs
Fold
To blend delicate ingredients gently by using two motions, one to cut vertically through the mixture and the other to turn the mixture over by sliding it across the bottom of the mixing bowl
Knead
To work dough with the hands, using first a pressing motion and then folding and stretching
Marinate
To let food stand in an acid- oil mixture to tenderize it and develop flavor
Mince
To cut into very fine pieces
MixTo stir together until combinedRoastTo cook uncovered in hot airSauteTo brown or cook in a small amount of fatStandard measurementsStandard, metric systemWhat to do/not do in the case of poisoning?-Obtain medical care immediately -check the product label for the recommended antidote - induce vomiting unless the victim has swallowed a petroleum product, furniture polish, paint thinner, or strong corrosive - do not induce vomiting if the victim is unconscious or convulsingTable settingBig Plate- middle Milk or juice glass- right side above knives Soup spoon- far right Bread and butter plate - left side above forks Dessert fork - left side closest to plate Big fork- left side in the middle Small fork- left side far left Big knife- right side closest to plate Small spoon- right side middle Napkin- left side far left Coffee mug- right side far rightEating etiquette- you may drink a clear, thin soup from the cup - do not sip creamed soup from a cup - break rolls rather than cutting them - only touch finger foods with your hands - don't pick up chicken with your hands - remove fish bones from your mouth with fingersFormal and informal service methodsInformal: - bring food to table in serving dishes - have people help themselves - place food in front of host - the host then puts the food on plates and passes one to each person - serve the food on individual plates in the kitchen, and place these before he person Formal: - carry 2 full plates to the table at once - go to the left side of the host with the first dish and, with your left hand, place it in the center of the hosts cover. Transfer the second plate to your left hand and place to the right of the host - serve drinks from he right using the right hand - to clear the table, go to the left of the host. With your left hand, pick up the plate. Transfer it to your right hand. Then with your left hand, pick up the salad bowlThe six nutrients-Carbohydrates -Fats -Protein -Vitamins -Minerals -WaterThe six dietary guidelines for America-Eat a variety of foods -Maintain ideal weight -Avoid too much fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol -Eat foods with adequate starch and fiber -avoid too much sugar -avoid too much sodiumSewing on a button- a "working button" always needs a shank - a decorative button needs no shank - start sewing on the right side of the garment - take 3-4 stitches when sewing on a sew thru button - when sewing a shank button if the length of he shank is sufficient, take 6-8 stitches through shank and finish off like a sew they buttonWhat is the meaning of a buttons "line"?Buttons are sized by line, a measurement that refers to diameter. There are 40 lines to the inchWhat is a sew-thru and shank button?Sew thru- have 2 or 4 holes through which they are sewed on Shank- have a solid top and a shank or stem at the bottom.Standard seam allowance5/8 of an inchSeams and seam finishes- stitch and pink - zigzag - hand overcast - clean finishing - bindingThe dials on the sewing machine and their functionsstitch width dial- to control zigzag stitch Pattern selector dial- to set the symbol of the desired stitch pattern Hand wheel- used to raise and lower the needle Stitch length dial- used to control length of the stitch Thread tension dial- used to control tension on the top threadWhat is "tension" in terms of sewing and how it is adjusted?It is how tight or loose your thread is. You use the thread tension dial to adjust itHow to operate the sewing machine when turning cornersLift up the pressed foot lifter, and move the fabric keeping the needle in the fabric and then put the presser foot lifter back down when ready to sew againAverage stitch length10-12 per inchHemming a garment; slip stitch and catch stitchSlip stitch: -used only in flat hemming where there is a turned edge - needle is slipped through the folded edge of the hem Catch stitch - used in both inside hemming and flat hemming and is very good for knit and stretch fabrics. - work from left to right with needle pointing from right to left - keep thread looseWhat is a bobbin?-a cylinder or cone holding thread, yarn, or wire, used especially in weaving, machine sewing, and lacemaking.What is F.I.C.A./ social security? FICA is the acronym for what?FICA- a United States federal payroll tax imposed on both employees and employers to fund Social Security and Medicare Social security- a federal insurance program that provides benefits to retired people and those who are unemployed or disabled FICA stands for "federal insurance contributions act"What is the purpose of Medicare?to provide a health care safety net for individuals retired from the workforceThe differences between a W-2 and a W-4 and the purpose of each?W-2 = The W-2 is a tax form that employers give to their employees at the end of each year. This form includes the total amounts of wages earned, federal and state taxes withheld, and contributions to Social Security for a given tax year. After receiving it from his or her employer, the employee must submit this information when paying taxes in April with their Form 1040. W-4 = a tax form used to calculate the correct amount of federal income tax that should be withheld from an employee's pay. This form is required for all employees except those that earn less than $800 per year.Does WA have sales tax? State income tax? Sales tax on groceries?Sales tax- yes State income tax- no Sales tax on groceries- yesWhat are the benefits of taxes?- helps income for the government - helps public utilities and amenities - helps with free education and Medicare - helps social security - helps national security - helps social securityPayroll taxesPayroll taxes are the state and federal taxes that you, as an employer, are required to withhold and/or to pay on behalf of your employees. You are required to withhold state and federal income taxes as well as social security and Medicare taxes from your employees' wages.ExemptionThe amount that a taxpayer can claim for themselves, spouse, and eligible dependents. The total of your exemption is subtracted from your adjusted gross income before tax is figured on your remaining taxable incomeForm 1099-INTThe form issued by all payers of interest income to investors at year's end. Form 1099-INT breaks down all types of interest income and related expenses. Payers must issue Form 1099-INTs for any party to whom they paid at least $10 of interest during the year.Filing statusdefines the type of tax return form an individual will use. Filing status is based on marital status and family situation.Interest incomeWhen you earn interest on savings or investmentsTaxableTaxable income is generally described as gross income or adjusted gross income minus any deductions, exemptions or other adjustments that are allowable in that tax year.Standard deduction-Taxpayers who choose not to itemize their tax returns can take a standard deduction. -single tax payers and married taxpayers filing separately is a 6,200$ deduction -married couples filing jointly is a 12,400$ deduction -heads of a household is a 9,100$ deductionAdjusted gross incomeYour total income minus any allowable deductions. It determines your tax bracketWhen is the filing date for your tax return?April 15thWhen should one use a 1040EZ? 1040A? 1040?1040EZ: -for single and joint filers with no dependents -Your taxable income is below $100,000 -Your interest income is $1,500 or less -you and your spouse - if married -- are under age 65 and not blind 1040A: -Your taxable income is below $100,000 -You have capital gain distributions -You claim certain tax credits -You claim adjustments to income for IRA contributions and student loan interest 1040: -Your taxable income is $100,000 or more -You claim itemized deductions -You are reporting self-employment income -You are reporting income from sale of property