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Science Quiz Chapter 7 Electricity

Terms in this set (57)

protons
have a positive electric charge
electrons
have a negative electric charge
in most atoms
protons and electrons cancel out; no net charge
atoms become charged by
gaining or losing electrons
the accumulation of excess electric charges on an object
static electricity
charge may be transferred from object to object, but it can't be created or destroyed
law of conservation of charge
opposite charges
attract
like charges
repel
charges can be pushed or pulled (act) on each other even at a distance
electric field
electrons move easily through
conductors
electrons do not move easily through
insulators
the process of transferring charge by touching or rubbing
charging by conduction
metals
conductors
plastic, wood, rubber, glass
insulators
static electricity from your feet rubbing the carpet
conduction
the rearrangement of electrons on a neutral object caused by a nearby charged object
charging by induction
a negatively charged balloon near your sleeve causes an area of your sleeve to become positively charged
induction
a transfer of charge through the air between two objects because of a buildup of static electricity
static discharge
lightning
static discharge
using a conductor to direct an electric charge into the ground
grounding
the presence of electric charges can be detected by a
electroscope
the flow of charges through a wire or conductor
electric current
flow of electrons
current
electric current is measured in
amperes (A)
charges flow from
high voltage to low voltage
the push that causes charges to move
voltage difference
voltage difference is measured in
volts (V)
for charges to flow the wire must always be
in a closed path or circuit
a dry cell battery produces a voltage difference and causes a current to flow between the
zinc container and carbon rod
a wet cell battery contains
two connected plates made of different metals in a conducting solution
what causes a wall socket to have a voltage difference between the two holes of an electrical outlet
generator at a power plant
the tendency for a material to oppose the flow of electrons, changing electrical energy into thermal energy and light
resistance
all materials have
some electrical resistance
resistance is measured in
ohms (^)
making wires thinner, longer, or hotter
increases resistance
the current in a circuit equals the voltage difference divided by resistance
ohms law
generators at power plants to produce a voltage difference across the outlet, causing charge to move when the circuit is complete
circuits rely on
the current that has only one loop to flow through
series circuit
the parts of a series circuit are wired one after the other so
amount of current is same in every part
if any part of a series circuit is disconnected, no current flows through the circuit
open circuit
strings on holiday lights
series circuit
household circuits are connected in a logical network called a
parallel circuit
contains two or more branches to move through
parallel circuit
each branch in a parallel circuit receives
standard voltage difference from electric company
circuit breaker, fuse box, and branches out to wall sockets, major appliances and lights
electrical energy enters your home
contains a small piece of metal that melts if the current becomes too high, opening the circuit and stopping the flow of the current
electric fuse
contains a small piece of metal that bends when it gets hot, opening the circuit and stopping the flow of current
circuit breaker
electrical energy is converted into
mechanical, thermal, or light energy
the rate at which electrical energy is converted into another form of energy
electrical power
electrical power is expressed in
watts (W)
= current X voltage difference
power
= amperes(I) X volts(V)
watts (P)
the unit of electrical energy is the kilowatt-hour which equals
1000 watts of power used for one hour
power X time
energy
P (kW) X t(h)
E (kWh)
Ohm's Law
V = I x R
Power Formula
P = I x V
E = Px T
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