interstitial fluidsurrounds cells plasma comes out and is part of (hormones, enzymes, neurotranism tissues, vitamins)edemadangerous, results if lymphatic capillaries aren't working properly and celllymph nodesget rid pf bacteria and virusesvalvesPrevent blood from flowing backwardsinguinalgroin area were clusters are often foundcervicalNeck region were clusters are often foundaxillaryArmpit were clusters are often foundmacrophages(WBCs) engulf, destroy foreign particles in lymphlymphocytesWBC; in nodes respond to foreign substancesinteraroundintrainsideMALTacts as a sentinel to protect the upper respiratory and digestive tracts from the never ending attacks of foreign matter entering the cavitieschyleformed in the small intestine during digestion of fatty foods, and taken up by lymph vesselsspleenblood rich organspleenlocated in the left side of the abdominal cavityspleenit filters and cleanses cleans blood of bacteriaspleenmost important function is to destroy worn out RBCsspleenalso stores plateletsthymusfunctions at peak levels during youththymusfound where low in throat overing heartthymusproduces the hormone thrymosinthrymosinthis hormones functions is to program lymphocytes to be protectedtonsilssmall masses of lymphoid tissuetonsilssurround pharynx (throat) in mucosatonsilstheir job is to trap and remove bacteriatonsilscaused by swell and become sore cause bacteriapeyers patchesfound in wall of small intestinepeyers patchesthey are in an ideal position to capture and destroy bacteriapeyers patches and tonsilsare reffered to as MALTMALTmucosa associated lymphatic tissue protect from bacteria(1) microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) that have gained entry into the body, (2) foreign tissue cells that have been transplanted (or, in the case of red blood cells, infused) into the body, and (3) the body's own cells that have become cancerous. The result of the immune system's activities is immunity, or specific resistance to disease.In general, these "enemies" fall into three major camps:The lymphatic vesselskeep the cardiovascular system functional by maintaining blood volume. The lymphoid organs help defend the body from pathogens
by providing operating sites for phagocytes and cells of the immune system.The immune systemserves as the body's *specific defense system*, is a unique functional system made up of billions of individual cells, most of which are lymphocytes.is to protect the body against an incredible an'ay of pathogens.The sole function of this defensive system:as skin and mucosae, and by a variety of cells and chemicals that can quickly mount an attack against foreign substances.The body is also protected by a number of nonspecific defenses provided by intact sur face membranes suchthe circulatory systemtogether the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems make uppump & arteriesAlthough the cardiovascular system has a pump (the heart) and arteries, veins, and capillaries, the
lymphatic system lacks two of these structures: theveins & valvesLike the _________ of the cardiovascular system, the vessels of the lymphatic system are equipped with __________ to prevent backflow.lymph & 3LThe lymphatic vessels act primarily to pick up leaked fluid, now called ________ , and return it to the bloodstream. About _________ of fluid is returned every 24 hours.lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissueLymphatic system Is composed of:brings materials back to the blood system, carries fluid from tissue spaces back to the blood, carries away proteins and large particular matter from
tissue spaces,Functions of lymphatic system:check points through the lymphatic system designed to identify and destroy bad stuffFunctions of lymphatic system: (dealing with immunity)lacteals found in the small intestine absorbed dietary lipids that cannot be absorbed by the blood capillariesFunctions of lymphatic system: (Lipid absorption)typically a clear, colorless fluid similar to blood plasma. As blood moves through the circulatory systems fluids and small molecules pass from the plasma into the surrounding tissuesWhat is lymph:protein concentration around 2g/do in some tissue can be as high as 6g/dl, a major route for the absorption of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tractComposition of lymph:hormones, bacteria, viruses, cellular debris, macrophagesOther things can be found:spleenthe largest lymphatic organ; a blood reservoirlymph nodesfilters lymphthymusparticularly large and important during youth; produces hormones that help to program the immune systempeyers patches, tonsilscollectively called MALTspleenremoves age and defective RBCspeyers patchesprevents bacteria from breaching the intestinal walla. a meandering lymphatic vessels
b. various lymphoid tissues and organsthe lymphatic system actually consists of two semi independent parts. they are:back to the blood fluids that have escaped from the blood vascular systemthe lymphatic vessels transportbetween blood and interstitial fluid in capillary bedswhere does the exchanges of nutrients, wastes and gases occurhydrostatic and osmotic pressure pushes out of bloodwhat happens to the fluid in our blood in the capillary bedsintestinalwhat happens to the fluid that is left behinds? it becomes _______________ fluidfluid accumulates producing edemaif the fluid and proteins are not returned to the blood what can happen?form elaberate drainage system that returns excess fluid to bloodthe function of lymphatic vessels is to:it flows only toward the heartwhy is the lymphatic system called a one way systemweave between tissue cells and absorb leaked fluidwhere are lymph capillaries found and what do they doact as one way swinging doorswhat is the purpose of the valves in these capillariesto spread throughout the bodyhow can bacteria viruses and cancer use the lymphatic systemthoracic and right lymphatic/ BOTH types of ductsreturn lymph to the venous systemboth have valve, flow to heart, thin walled/ lymphatic:carry lymph/ veins:carry blooddifference between lymphatic vessels and veinsby removing foreign material and producing lymphocyteshow do lymph nodes help protect the bodyinguinal, axillary, cerivalwhere are the three largest clusters of these nodesengulf and destroy bacteriawhat is the purpose of macrophages in the nodesresult of trapping functionwhat causes the nodes to swellWBCs, red bone marrow, lymph nodes, lymphoid organswhat are lymphocytes, where do they come from, where can they multiplyafferent lymphatic vesselshow does lymph enter a nodehilum/ efferent lymphatic vesselshow does it get outmore afferent that efferent to allow macrophages to protect (flow in is faster than flow out so the current inside is slow allowing macrophages time to clean up)why are these more of one kind than the othercancer: swollen and not painful
micro: swollen and painfulwhat is one of the ways to distinguish nodes that are infected by microorganisms as opposed to cancerblocked nodescan not move lymph areaefferent lymphatic vesselscarries lymph away from lymph nodeafferent lymphatic vesselscarries lymph into the nodelymphatic collecting vesselscollect lymph fluid draining from lymphatic capillariesthymosinprograms lymphotcyes so they can carry out their protective role in the bodysubclavian veinswhere do lymphatic ducts return
