Homewood AP Euro- Reformation Review Quiz

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Anabaptists

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A religious sect started in Zurich, Switzerland, in the 16th century that believed that true faith was based on reason and free will and that people must knowingly select the Christian faith through rebaptism as adults. These men and women rejected the authority of the state and the courts, abolished private property, and believed themselvesto be true Christians who lived acording to the standards established in the Bible. The movement gained most of its support from artisans and the middle and lower classes, who were attracted by its simple message of peace and salvation.

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Intellectuals in the late 15th and early 16th centuries who dreamed of idealistic societies based on peace, morality, and Christian virtue and sought to realize the ethical ideals of the classical world and the Scriptures. Their ideals applied the techniques and outlook of Renaissance humanism to Christianity and the Bible. they strongly encourages reform through education. They influenced Martin Luther and other Reformation leaders.

Erasmus

1466-1536 b. Rotterdam, Holland. Leading humanist of the Northern Renaissance. Two most famous works were Praise of Folly & Handbook of the Christian Knight. Satire on church & how to lead a moral but active life. Studied classical language to get deeper understanding of Bible. Published annotated edition of New Testament in Greek. Saw religion and learning as bound together. While a critic of abuses by church - was NOT a Protestant. Thought institution could reform itself from within and wished for a unified Church.

Sir Thomas More

(1478-1535) Englishman, lawyer, politician, Chancellor for Henry VIII. Wrote Utopia which presented a revolutionary view of society, in which the problems of society were caused by greed. Executed by Henry VIII for not compromising his religious beliefs.

Martin Luther

German monk and professorwho started the Protestant Reformation by nailing the 95 These to the door of the castle church in Wittenburg, Germany. His ideas of salvation by faith alone, the Bible is the sole source of religious freedom, and that the clergy has no special relationship with God are the basis of the Protestant faith.

Johann Tetzel

This Dominican monk was chosen to advertise indulgences in 1517, and did so using extreme methods so that many people bought them. This caught Luther's attention, and was a factor that led to the 95 Theses.

95 Theses

Formal statements written by Martin Luther attacking the "pardon-merchants" who sold indulgences. In 1517 Luther posted these statements on the door of a castle church in Wittenberg and invited other scholars to debate them. This began the Reformation.

Charles V

Of the Habsburg dynasty, Holy Roman emperor (1519-1558) and king of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556). He summoned the Diet of Worms (1521) and outlawed Luther. He later fought wars against the Valois dynasty of France, the Ottoman Turks, and Protestant princes of Germany.

Diet of Worms

Assembly of the estates of the empire, called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521. Luther was ordered to recant but he refused. Charles V declared Luther an outlaw.

Frederick the Wise

The duke of Saxony and also one of the seven electors of the Holy Roman Emperor. He chose to protect Luther at the Diet of Worms (some say to assert his political independence from Charles V and the HRE).

Pope Leo X

This man began to sell indulgences to raise money to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. He tried to get Luther to recant his criticisms of the Church and condemned him an outlaw and a heretic when he would not do so.