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HTHRHSC 5370

Terms in this set (197)

According to neuroscientists which period of life is most important to brain development?
the first 3 years of life
Which of the following best defines supply-side rationing?
Government limits the availability of certain health care services by deciding, for instance, how to disperse health care and who will be allowed access to certain types of high-tech services
What is NOT a main determinate of health?
mental outlook
The goal of the ACA of 2010 is for all Americans to have health insurance in the near future. This goal moves the U.S. more toward what theory in respect to health care access?
social justice
In what year did the US government start undertaking ten year plans to outline national health objectives?
1980
When did Americans first experience a significant shift away from the market justice system in healthcare?
In 1965 when Medicare and Medicaid were created
Genetic makeup of an individual that could influence one's health status
heredity
A medical professional's evaluation of a person's health state
disease
A person's own perceptions and evaluation of how he or she feels
illness
A complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
health
In 1964 health insurance for the aged and the poor became a top priority for President Johnson's administration. In 1965 Medicare was created as
a two-part program for the elderly that provides health insurance regardless of their income
The United States anti-German feelings around the time of the first World War caused the US to denounce social insurance
True
Much of the transformation in the US medicine occurred when?
After the Civil War
Historically national health insurance has failed in the US for all of the following reasons:
capitalism, self-determination, limited government
Which US President was the first President to directly appeal for a national health care program and was later identified as the "Father of Medicare"
Harry Truman
What was one of the main reasons for the failure of national health insurance proposed by President Clinton in 1993?
Americans were unwilling to pay higher taxes for such a program
Which report became the bases for the AMA to provide accreditation for medical schools as a bases for a license to practice medicine
The Flexner Report
How is Medicaid financed?
Through federal matching funds to states in accordance with state's per capita income
Which of the following programs is "means tested"?
Medicaid
After medical education reform healthcare began to be centralized around neighborhood doctors offices
False
Who finances a health reimbursement arrangement (HRA)?
Employers
Which of the following does not include any specific medical benefits mandated under Medicare?
Part C
Which of the following best characterizes the US health care system?
Provider-induced demand and demand-side rationing
Self-insurance is usually assumed by
large employers
DRG codes are an extension of which Medicare reimbursement
PPS
What type of physician reimbursement is based on individually distinct services?
Fee for service
A critical access hospital is not subject to what type of reimbursement system?
Prospective payment reimbursement
Which of the following is based on the time, skill, and intensity it takes.....
Resource-based relative value scale
What term describes overall acuity level in SNF as determined by the severity of the patients condition?
Case mix
Under Medicare Part A, a benefit period begins during what period?
when the beneficiary is hospitalized
Which three options are correct regarding the DRG prospective payment system of reimbursement
forces hospitals to control their costs
reimbursement method forces hospitals to minimize length of inpatient stay to keep cost of service reimbursement amount
hospital receives a predetermined fixed rate for a particular DRG
Medicare Part A is primarily financed through which of the following?
Payroll deductions
Which of the following defines private health insurance?
Predominantly employer-financed
Price healthcare provider charges for providing a service
charge
Bill healthcare provider submits to the insurer
claim
Why the insurer will pay the healthcare provider for services provided
rate
A number of services are grouped together for one price
bundled charges
Which of the following reimbursement mechanisms gives a provider the greatest incentive to increase volumes of services
Fee for service (FFS)
what is the amount called that the insured must pay before any benefits by the plan are payable?
deductible
the primary finances of health care in the US in addition to the federal government are
private employers
St. Augustine Hospital is trying to make up for financial losses resulting from reimbursement cuts by Medicare commercial health insurers. It raises its charges on service to self-pay patients. This is an example of
cost shifting
which of the following is used to compare healthcare expenditures to total economic consumption?
gross domestic product
the amount that the insured (patient) pays out of pocket for a health care office visit is called
copayment
Gwen is 72 years old and has no private health insurance plan. Following a stroke she is admitted to an acute-care general hospital for treatment. She remains in the hospital for 12 days before being transferred to a skilled nursing facility. She remains in the skilled nursing facility for 14 days before going home. How is Gwen's stay in the acute-care generalized hospital financially covered?
Medicare part A
Amount of money paid for the insurer to assume risk of insuring someone
premium
insurer pays 80% and insured pays 20%
co-insurance
insurance offered by employers who are large enough o have a diversified risk pool
self-insurance
method used by insurers toe valuate how much risk an individual would be
underwriting
how is medicaid financed
federal and state government
how is medicare part B primarily financed?
taxes and premiums
Part A deductible must be paid at what point of care?
for each benefit period
what does medicare part A cover?
hospitalization, short term skilled nursing care, home health, and hospice
hospitals were paid on a per diem basis prior to 1983 which contributed to
no incentive to control costs
supports patient care delivery, example CPOE
clinical information system
supports billing, payroll, and finance
administrative information system
enables patients to assume more responsibility for health
eHealth
supports managerial responsibilities such as forecasting patient volume, conducting clinical research, improving quality
decision support system
"technological imperative" means the desire to use state-of-the-art technology regardless of the cost
true
in health care quality of life refers to
the patient's overall satisfaction with life during and after medical treatment
the food and drug administration are responsible for
ensuring that drugs and medical devices are safe and effective for intended use
select the statements that are true regarding medical technology and the quality of care
greater proliferation of technology always leads to higher quality of care
a technological innovation can be wasteful or cause harm
a technological innovation needs to be assessed before it can be identified as enhancer
what has been the single most important factor in medical cost inflation
technological innovations
what technology based on the structure of the atom was later developed into a major diagnostic
magnetic resonance imaging
in the 1980s a new drugs inspired a reconsideration of the FDA's drug review process
human immunodeficiency virus
sets the specific objectives that eligible professionals and hospitals must achieve to participate in the EHR incentive program
meaningful use
refers to the health benefit to be derived from the use of technology
efficacy
drug developed for conditions that affect fewer than 200,000 ppl in the united states
orphan dru..
proliferation of technology once it is developed
technology diffusion
what is required under the Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990?
healthcare providers are required to report all injuries and death attributed to use of medical devices
the HITECH Act earmarked _billion dollars to promote EHRs
19
incentivizes physicians and health care providers to adopt the EHRs
health information technology health act
puts control on the transfer of personally identifiable health data between two entities
health insurance portal
passed to stimulate US economy and support HIT
american recovery and...
provides authority to conduct premarket of medical devices based on class of device
medical devices amendment
AHRQ is the federal government agency responsible for Health Technology Assessments
False
Value in healthcare can be increased by which of the following?
improving quality, reducing cost, or doing both
injuries or deaths related to HIT applications and EHR systems has raised the question considered medical devices and under the control of the FDA
true
to alleviate concerns about confidentiality of patient information, HIPAA was enacted health information for which of the following purposes
all of the above are correct
efficacy and safety of medical technology are best evaluated through all of the following except
data testing
which two federal agencies main focus is to support research associated with medical technology
AHRQ and NIH
health technology assessment refers to the evaluation of medical technology for the
efficacy, safety, ethical consequences, cost-effectiveness
allied health professionals make up __% of the US health care work force
60
which of the following terms best describes the type of medicine that emphasizes the musculoskeletal system of the correction of the joints or tissues
osteopathic medicine
physician extenders
are seen most often in the primary care setting assisting or substituting for a primary care physician
physician extenders include which of the following individuals
nurse practitioners and physician assistants
who is responsible for licensing physicians seeking to practice medicine in the state of Ohio
state medical board of ohio
the main difference between a MD and DO is which of the following
the focus of MDs is on treatment and DOs is mainly on preventative medicine
pharmacists are required to have a pharmD degree before they can practice pharmacy
true
providers in training spend more time in inpatient hospitals
specialty care
providers in training spent more time in ambulatory care settings
primary care
care is episodic, more focused and intense
specialty care
care is considered longitudinal, follows patient through course of treatment
primary care
treats vision care problems
optometrist
provides mental health care
phsycologist
treats diseases and deformities of the feet
podiatrist
treats by manipulation, physiotherapy and diet
chiropractor
which term best describes viewing medical treatment as an active intervention to produce a counteracting reaction in attempt to neutralize the effects of disease
allopathic medicine
where can a perspective employer check to see if a health care provider has had an adverse action against him or related to fraud and abuse of insurance claims?
national practitioner data bank
a health services or health information management administrator's job is to
organize the operational, clinical, and financial outcomes of the entire healthcare system
physician shortages are primarily of two types
geographic; by specialty
advanced-practice nurse is a general name for nurses who have education and clinical experience beyond the required as an RN
true
US healthcare is the largest employer in the nation and employs ___%. additionally the health care sector makes ____ the gross domestic product
13, 18
hospitalist roles parallel which of the following other physician types?
primary care physician
which of the following applies to allied health professionals?
all options are correct
specialty maldistribution has become ingrained in the us healthcare delivery system for all of the following except
demographics of the general population
in the early practices of medicine it was considered a _____
trade
which are the benefits of the affordable care act
holding insurance companies accountable
free preventative care
protecting against fraud and abuse
establishing health insurance market places
according to the author the use of the latest technology has lead to over specialization of doctors
true
AMA played a dominant role in
stimulating the profession and protecting the interests of physicians
an incidental sample is
used only in non-experimental studies
if a study is externally valid then
its results can be generalized to other equivalent settings
which of the following is not indicative of qualitative research
numbers and percentages
if you contacted cholera, smallpox, typhoid, or yellow fever in the 1800s what type of institution would you have been com.....
pesthouse
in the earliest days of medical school in the US event he best schools admitted students without a high school diploma
true
the US anti-german feelings around the time of the first world war caused the US to denounce social insurance
true
i want to do a study on the hand washing in the clinical setting. which of the following comes first in the research processs
decide on the exact research aim
meta-analysis reviews
are a summary of all research studies on a certain topic
a research subject is worried that their name will be connected with a study on binge drinking. this ethical concern is covered by
confidentiality
the highest level of evidence is
systematic reviews
which of the following problems might be best approached through the scientific method
the clinical effectiveness of a new instrument needs to be evaluated
the average age of my sample is 21.2 years. the average age of the target population is 19.4. the difference is probably ue to
sampling error
which of the following is not a main component of evidence-based practice
expert opinion
in 1973 congress extended coverage of medicare to which group
non elderly disabled people receiving social security for at least 24 month
which of the following illustrates corporation in the american health care delivery system
managed care and integrated delivery system
globalization has added a worldwide dimension to the delivery of medical care through which
all options have contributed
health insurance int eh us became employer based for all of the following reasons except
employers requesting the opportunity to offer health benefits
the long term effects of the great depression on health care were the following:
1 and 4
barber shops used to cut hair, trim beards and perform medical surgeries
true
which report became the bases for the AMA to provide accreditation for medical schools as a ..... medicine
the flexner report
globalization has presented new threats like the global spread of diseases and bioterrorism.....
true
what was a major contributing factor in western european countries movement toward national health
labor unrest
which of the following terms best describes the forerunner of today's hospitals and nursing homes in the US
almshouse
what is the focus of the affordable care act
access, quality and containment of health care costs
which of the following terms best describes the forerunner for today's 1,200 free clinics
dispensary
historically national health insurance has failed in the us for all of the following reasons except
separation of church and state
after medical education reform healthcare began to be centralized around neighborhood doctors offices
false
which of the following programs is 'means tested'
medicaid
which report became the bases for the ama to provide accreditation for medical schools as a bases for a license to practice medicine
the flexner report
what was one of the main reasons for the failure of national health insurance proposed by president clinton in 1993
americans were unwilling to pay higher taxes for such a program
which us president was the first president to directly appeal for a national health care program and was later identified as the father of medicare
harry truman
much of the transformation of the us medicine occurred when
after the civil war
in 1964 health insurance for the aged and the poor became a top priority for president johnson's administration in 1965 medicare was created as
a two-part program for the elderly that provides health insurance regardless of income
cacoordinated and integrated care efforts to address chronic disease issues like the 2 diabetes
health-care intervention
affects people's health through such things as screening food and water
policy intervention
efforts to alter behavior to stop smoking or increase excercise
individual-level intervention
help create and effect types of foods served at public school lunches
community-based intervention
market justice proposes government help over private individualized health care
falsse
in america, social justice is the idea that ppl should be self-reliant
false
the world health organization defines health care system as all activities aimed at promoting, restoring, or maintaining...
true
health is multifactorial where medical care is just one factor
true
the goal of the ACA of 2010 is for all Americans to have health insurance in the near future. this goal moves the us more toward what theory in respect to health care access
social justice
socioeconomics according to the textbook greatly affects ones health
true
healthy people 2020 will assess programs through which of the following measures
all answers are correct
health and well being comprises which of the following states of health
all answers are correct
holistic medicine aims to treat an individual as
a whole person
medical care is the most influential of the four determinates of health
false
people with higher incomes and more education tend to be more at risk of being unhealthy than those with less education
false
america started a major transition from _______ justice to ________ justice in 2010
market, social
which of the following is not an overreaching goal of healthy people 2020
promote quality of life among the youth only
under the medical model health is defined as the absence of illness and....
true
wellness and promotion
primary prevention
treatment of illness in early stages
secondary prevention
restoration of patient to pre-illness or injury fu.....
tertiary prevention
being spiritual or religious has been proven to have a positive effect on ones health
true
diabetes is which kind of condition
chronic
genetic makeup of an individual that could influence one's health status
heredity
a medical professional's evaluation of a person's health state
disease
a person's own perceptions and evaluation of how he or she feels
illness
a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
health
when did america first experience a significant shift away from the market-justice system in healthcare
1965 when medicare and medicaid were created
in what year did the us government start undertaking ten year plans to outline national health objectives
1980
which of the following is not a main determinant of health
mental outlook
which of the following best defines supply-side rationing
government limits the availability of certain health care services by deciding, for instance, how t.. dispersed and who will be allowed to access to certain types of high-tech service
according to neuroscientists which period of life is most important to brain development
the first three years of life
covers all services an enrollee may need during an entire year
capitacion
costs of ancillary services that often accompany major procedures such as surgery
item pricing
ability of an individual to obtain health care services when needed
access
covers services that are bundled together for one episode of care
package pricing
the united states has a true free market when it comes to health care services
false
passage of the ACA has resulted in the number of uninsured dropping from 47 million to
32.2 million
vulnerable populations can receive medical care in the US at which of the following facilities
all options are correct
what statement best describes the concept of managed care
a mechanism whereby one organization manages financing, insurance,, delivery and
the united states has a centrally controlled health care system
false
what is the terms hat refers to the costs of ancillary services and often accompany major procdures
item-based
which of the following is not a standard for the national public health performance standard program
all are standards of national public health performace
most countries with a national health care system also have a private sector component
true
which statements best describes universal health insurance
health insurance in which the government plays a dominant role
social justice emphasizes the well being of the individual over that of the community
false
which of the following government agency individuals is a member of the us president's cabinet report to this capinent member
director, department of health and human services
package pricing is more encompassing than capitation pricing
false
the emergency medical treatment and labor act of 1986 requires screening and evaluation offices to all patients until stable and hospital admission to only patients with the ability to pay
false
medicare covers those that qualify in each of the following categories except
children under 26 years of age and a dependent of medicare covered parent
uninsured in the US have which of the following choices in regard to seeking healthcare
all options are correct
defensive medicine in the us is primarily characterized by
doctors' fear of malpractice lawsuits
managed health care includes all of the following characteristics except
puts a value on a persons worth in order to determine if society should pay to treat this person
which country finances health care through government mandated contributions by employers and employees
germany
who are considered the major players n an integrated delivery system
a, b, and c
Sets with similar terms