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Westwood A & P Endocrine System Interactions

Terms in this set (50)

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) function in females
develops ovarian follicle
What two hormones make glucocorticoids?
cortisol, cortisone
What organ releases adrenocorticotropin?
Ant. pituitary
What is the function of adrenocorticotropin?
Stimulates the release of mineralocorticoid, glucocorticoid (cortisol, cortisone), and sex hormones
What is another name for the pituitary gland?
Master gland
What hormones are made by the hypothalamus?
Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
Function of thyroid hormone (TH)
regulates cells' metabolism/growth
What hormones come from the adrenal medulla?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
What hormones are created by the pancreatic islets?
insulin and glucagon
Function of insulin
stores excess glucose in the blood as glycogen when blood sugar levels are too high
Function of glucagon
breaks down glycogen to release glucose back into the blood when blood sugar levels are low
Where is progesterone produced?
corpus luteum
Function of thymosin
incubates the maturation of white blood cells in the immune system
What are two hormones stimulated by gonadotropin?
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Function of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
prevents urine production
Pineal gland hormone
melatonin
Function of melatonin
regulates sleep wake cycles
Function of calcitonin
removes excess calcium from blood and deposits on bone
Where is the adrenal cortex and medulla?
cortex - outer covering of gland
medulla - inner portion of gland
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) function
breaks down bones to increase calcium levels in the blood; stimulates kidneys to absorb calcium
Hormones of the ovaries
estrogen and progesterone
Hormones of the testes
testosterone and androgens
Aldosterone function
causes kidneys to retain sodium to increase blood pressure, water retention
What is an example of a mineralocorticoid?
aldosterone
Alpha cells
release glucagon
Beta cells
release insulin
What does it mean if a hormone ends in -tropic such as adrenocorticotropic?
It means this is a hormone that stimulates the gland/organ in the name. Such as adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex.
Luteinizing hormone (LH) function in males
stimulates testosterone
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) function in males
sperm production
Oxytocin function
uterine contractions and milk ejection
Function of luteinizing hormone in females
ovulation
Function of cortisol
helps resist long term stressors
Function of cortisone
acts as an anti-inflammatory
Function of epinephrine/norepinephrine
helps with short term stressors; fight or flight
Hormones of ant. pituitary
thyrotropin, adrenocorticotropin, gonadotropin, prolactin, growth hormone
Function of growth hormone
muscle and bone growth
Function of prolactin
milk production
Where is estrogen formed?
Graafian follicles
What is the function of the posterior pituitary?
Stores oxytocin and antidiuretic hormones
Hypothyroidism
causes goiter knots
Hyperthyroidism
causes graves disease
Hormones of the thyroid gland
Thyroid hormone and calcitonin
What is the hormone of the parathyroid?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Hormones of the adrenal cortex
mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoid, sex hormones
Hormone of the thymus
thymosin
Function of estrogens
stimulates secondary sex characteristics, menstration, prepares for lactation
Function of progesterones
menstration, quiets uterine contractions during pregnancy, prepares for lactation
Function of testosterone
reproductive maturation, secondary sex characteristics, sex drive, sperm production
Hormone of placenta
HCG
Function of HCG
stimulates corpus luteum to produce estrogen and progesterone; detected during pregnancy test
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