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Tissues II

Terms in this set (121)

apical membrane specialization

microvilli and cilia

lateral/basal membrane specializations

tight junctions, desmosomes, hemi-desmosomes

finger-like evaginations of cell membrane containing cytoplasm

covered by glycocalyx (sugar coat)

increase surface area for absorption/secretion

function of microvilli

smaller than cilia

microfilaments in core are anchored to the meshwork of microfilaments at the cell surface

in fluid transporting epithelia accumulations of cells with microvilli

kidney (tubules) and digestive tract/small intestines

microvilli locations

hair-like, motile processes, evaginations of cell membrane

core of microtubules

move things over cell surfaces by beating in a wave-like fashion

function of cilia

respiratory and reproductive tracts

locations of cilia

tight junctions

encircle an epithelial cell near the apical surface

tight junctions

found only in epithelium

tight junctions

band-like zone around periphery near apical border

tight junctions

functions to seal surface membranes together

interlock cells in spots

adhering junction

sites of strong adhesion (not continuous)

adhering junction

spot like or belt like

desmosome or macula adherens

spot like adhering junctions

belt like adhering junctions

adhering junctions

in tissues with lots of mechanical stress (ex. heart)

link epithelial cells to the underlying basement membrane

on basal aspect of cell to anchor it to basal lamina

facilitate communication between cells

gap (nexus) junctions

channels function in cell to cell communication (electrical and chemical)

connective tissues

specialized for support

tissues with more matrix than cell volume; matrix can be fluid or gel-like

functions in movement support

connective examples

tendons/ligaments
cartilage and bone
blood and lymph

Connective tissues

Most abundant tissue by weight

Types of connective tissue

Fibrous
fluid
adipose
supportive

Example of fluid connective tissue

Cartilage and bone

Example of supportive connective tissue

Connective tissue

Bind things together

Cells are far apart and surrounded by a matrix

Fibers and ground substance

ground substance

Rangers from fluid (in blood) to solid (in bone)
-amorphous, gel-like, huge molecules with high affinity for water

Main components in ground substance

Secretes ground substance

Functions of connective tissue

Support
Protection
Storage
Defense
Transport
healing

Bone and cartilage provide skeletal support for other tissues

Bony protection for soft organs

Ribs and pelvis

Example of protection

adipose tissue stores fat for energy
Bone stores calcium and phosphate ions
CT proper stores extracellular water

Immune responses, inflammation, homeostasis

Medium for passage of nutrients and wastes

scar formation and contraction

Highly vascular

Variable cellularity

Variable amount of extracellular material

Surface surrounded by tissue

Cell lacks basement membrane subjacent to cell

Cell membranes nonpolar

Highly cellular

Almost no extracellular material

Basement membrane cell

Cell membranes polar

Abundant in connective tissue

Cells which generally stay in one area

Most common cell type in connective tissue
-gives rise to components of connective tissue

Mainly responsible for collagen production

phagocytes, attack and ingest foreign particles

Function in defense and immunity

Largest cell type

Secretes heparin and histamine

Prevents blood clotting

Increases leakiness of capillaries

Collagen fibers

resist stretching

Very high levels in bone and dentin

Thick threads which are flexible but not elastic, high tensile strength (resists pulling force)

Found binding structures together (tendons, fascia, ligaments)

Usually found in packed fiber bundles

Dense connective tissue

Abundant collagen fibers

Loose connective tissue

Few collagen fibers

Stretch and recoil

Less strength than collagen but easily stretched

Often branched and arranged in networks

Found in elastic ligaments and arteries

Where elastic fibers are found

reticular fibers

Provide a supportive framework for lymphatic tissues

Made of collagen, very thin

Mesh-like pattern of arrangement

thin, flexible, distensible

Liver, lymphatic tissue

Loose connective tissue

Has less fibers, more cells

Increased cells, decreased fiber (under epithelial)

Delicate thin membrane (mesentery)

Fills space between muscles

Adipose tissue (fat)

Good example of loose CT protects, insulates, stores energy

areolar tissue in abdomen

Example of loose connective tissue

Dense connective tissue

Durable and resists stress

Dense (fibrous)

Decreased cells, increased fibers

Densely packed collagenous fibers with few fibroblasts

Results in very strong chords

Tendons, ligaments, deep fascia, aponeurosis

Poor blood supply, therefore slow healing

Dense connective tissue

fiber arrangements differed in

Regular or irregular

Classification of dense connective tissue

Irregular dense connective

Fibrous capsules

Irregular dense connective

Regular dense connective

tendon, ligament, aponeuroses

Elastic dense connective

Vocal cords, trachea, bronchii, aorta

Specialized for movement

Tissues composed of elongated, excitable cells designed for contraction

Types of muscle

Skeletal
Cardiac
smooth

Walls of viscera

Specialized for control

Tissues composed of excitable cells that transmit information to other cells

Types Nervous system

Brain
Spinal cord
nerves

Surface surrounded by tissue

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