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Microbiology (Lecture 2)

Terms in this set (53)

Which organelle produces cellular respiration?
Mitochondrion
Which organelle oxidizes fatty acids?
Peroxisome
Which organelle is the result of photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
Which organelle contains chromosomes?
Nucleus
Which organelle is responsible for the transport network?
ER (Mostly the rough)
Which organelle is a membrane that is in charge of the formation and secretion?
Golgi Complex
Which organelle is a digestive enzyme?
Lysosomes
Which organelle bring food and provides support?
Vacuole
What type of structure does the cell wall have?
Complex & Semi-rigid
What does the cell wall prevent?
Osmotic Lysis
What is the cell wall made of?
Peptidoglycan
What does peptidoglycan consist of?
Repeating Disacchardies
Name 2 types of peptidoglycan.
NAG & NAM
What are peptidoglycan linked by?
Polypeptides
What do lysosomes, peroxisomes, vacuoles, and vesicles do?
Store and transfer chemicals and nutrients within the cell.
Which organelle has two phospholipid bilayer membranes?
What does it produce?
How many ribosomes does it have?
Mitochondria
ATP
70S
Which cell has internal membrane-bound organelles? (Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?)
Eukaryotic
What subunits are MOST eukaryotic ribosomes made of? What are most of them larger than?
What is the one exception?
60S + 40S = 80S
Most of them are larger than prokaryotic ribosomes.
The one exception is the mitochandria that is within the eukaryotic cell. (70S)
Which membrane organelle processes molecules for export for the cell?
Golgi Body
Which reticulum is associated with ribosomes?
Which is associated with the plasma membrane?
Which is associated with the nuclear membrane?
Rough
Smooth
Rough
What does the endopasmic reticulum function as?
What are the two forms?
Transport system
Smooth and Rough
List two main purposes of the cytoskelton.
Anchors organelles
Produces shape
What do flagella look like?
What cell are they found in?
How do they move?
Long and thread like.
Found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Like a wave
Name four different cells that have cell walls.
1. Plants
2. Fungi
3. Algae
4. Some protozoa
What is the difference between hypertonic and hypotonic solutions?
A hypertonic solution has more solutes than inside the cell. A hypotonic solution has less solutes than inside the cell.
What do cilia look like?
How do they move?
Found in what cell?
1. Short, hair like
2. Rotational/Motor like
3. Eukaryotic
Compare the gram-positive cell and the gram-negative cell. (4 major differences)
1. Positive has a THICK layer of peptidoglycan. Negative has a THINK layer.
2. Positive has no periplasmic space, negative HAS it.
3. Positive have teichoic acids, negative DO NOT.
4. Positive has no outer membrane, negative DOES.
What does the outer membrane of a gram negative cell do? (3 major things)
1. Provides protection.
2. Lipopolysaccharide antigen
3. The porins form a channel through the membrane
What type of cells have cytoplasmic membranes?
What two things do these contain?
What is their purpose?
1. Eukaryotic
2. Phospholipids/Proteins
3. Controls the movement
What protein is pili made from?
How many tend to be in a cell?
What do they do?
1. Pilin
2. 1 or 2
3. Used to transfer DNA from one cells to another via conjugation.
Where are fimbriae found?
What type of filaments?
Made of what protein?
What does it allow?
1. Gram negative bacilli
2. Many short, straight, thin filaments
3. Made of pilin
4. Allows attachment
Where are axial filaments found?
Spirochetes
What is the endoflagella?
What causes it to move?
It is under the seath that is anchored at one end of the cell. It also forms bundles.
Rotation
What are the flagella proteins?
What do they do?
H antigens
Used to identify organisms
What are the three parts of the flagella and where are they found?
Flagellin - In the helix around the core
Hook - Attachment
Basal Body - Anchors to the wall of the membrane
Where is the flagella found?
What is its purpose?
Found in bacilli (rods)
Needed for movement
Name three purposes of the glycocalyx.
1. Protection against dying
2. Attachment
3. Inhibits phagocytosis
Name two types of glycocalyx cells.
How are they different?
Capsule: Neatly organized and firmly attached to the cell wall.
Slime layer: Unorganized, loosely attached to the cell wall.
Define three different things about the glycocalyx and where it is found.
1. Sticky/Viscous
2. Gelatinous Carbohydrate
3. Made in the cell
Found in the external structure of the prokaryote cell.
Define these four common prokaryote cell arganements:
Pairs
Chains
Tetrads
Clusters
Pairs: Come in two (Diplo)
Chains: Divide in 1 plane
Tetrads: Divide in 2 planes (4)
Clusters: Divide in multiple planes
What type of shape are most bacteria?
Monomorphic (One shape)
List 3 common shapes of prokaryotic cells.
Cocci
Rods
Spirals
What type of cell do fungi and parasites have?
Eukaryote
What type of cell do bacteria and archea have?
Prokaryote
How do most eukaryotes reproduce?
Mitosis
How do prokaryote reproduce?
Binary fission.
Which cell has complex cell walls?
Which cell has simple or no cell wals?
Prokarote
Eukaroyte
How many ribosomes do prokaryotes have?
How many ribosomes do MOST eukaryotes have?
70S
80S
How many chromosomes do prokaryotes have?
One
Which cell has no histone but has a nucleiod region?
Which cell does?
Prokaryote doesn't
Eukaryote does
What are the two types of cells?
Eukaryote and Prokaryote
How do eukaryotes and prokaryotes differ?
Prokaryotes lack a membrane around their DNA. They also have no nucleus.
Eukaryotes have a membrane that surround their DNA. They also have nucleus.
What two people produced the cell theory?
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