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Prentice Hall Animals Chapter 3.1 and 3.2

Terms in this set (51)

What is the phylum name for Chordates?
Phylum chordata
What are 3 things chordates have?
1. notochord
2. nerve cord
3. gill slits
What is a notochord?
becomes the backbone and supports the chordate's back
What does the nerve cord do?
connects brain and nerves
What is the gill slits?
slits in their throat area at some point in their lives (called pharyngeal slits or gill slits)
Are most chordates vertebrates or invertebrates?
vertebrate
A vertebrate has a ___ that is a part of an ___ skeleton.
backbone; internal
What does the endoskeleton do?
supports the body and allows it to move
What is the backbone made up of?
vertebrate and joints (movable connections) (between each vertebra
Give 3 facts about internal skeletons
1. protects internal organs
2. give the body shape
3. gives muscles a place to attach
What are ectotherms?
animals whose body does not produce much internal heat; its body temperature changes depending on the temperature of its environment
Give examples of ectotherms.
fishes, amphibians, reptiles
What are endotherms?
animals whose body regulates its own temperature by controlling the internal heat it produces; body temperature doesn't change much even if its environment changes
Give examples of endotherms.
birds and mammals
SECTION 3.2 Are fish vertebrates or invertebrates?
vertebrate
Where do fish live and how does all fish move?
water and use fins
What are most fishes , what do they have and how do they get oxygen?
ectotherms with scales and use gills
What is the largest group of vertebrates?
fishes
Give details on how fishes get oxygen?
as the move through water their fish's throat region that leads to the gills
What do the gills have and how do they work?
blood vessels within them; water flows over the gills and oxygen moves from the water into the blood
What happens at the same time?
carbon dioxide moves out of the blood into the water
LOOK AT PAGE 87 FIGURE 5
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What does the blood supply to the body?
oxygen
What kind of circulatory system do fish have?
closed
How many chambers and how many loops?
2 chambers and 1 loop
Describe how the blood flows.
from heart to gills to the rest of the body and back to the heart
What provides a large surface to push fish against the water?
fins
NEED TO KNOW Reproduction process
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What type of fertilization to most fish have?
external
Describe the steps of fertilization for most fish.
1. eggs are fertilized outside the female's body
2. males preads a cloud of sperm cells over the eggs she releases
3. the young develop outside the female's body
What are 2 examples of fishes that have internal fertilization?
sharks and guppies
What does the nervous system and sense organs do?
1. helps them find food and predaters
2. can see well
3. keen senses of touch, smell and taste
What are the 3 Major groups of fishes that are put into groups based on structure of mouth and types of skeletons they have
1. Jawless fishes
2. Cartilaginas fishes
3. Bony fishes
Do jawless fishes have jaws or scales?
No
What are hinged bony structures that allow animals to open and close their mouth?
jaws
Describe how the jawless fishes eat.
have mouths containing structures for scraping, stabbing and sucking their food
Describe their skeletons
made up of cartilage which is a tissue more flexible than bone
Give 2 examples of jawless fishes
Hagfish and lampres
Give 3 examples of cartilaginous fishes
sharks, rays and skates
Do cartilaginous fishes have jaws or scales. Describe skeletons.
Yes. made of cartilage
What is their scales like and how does it feel
pointed, toothlike scales. the skin has a texture that is rougher than sandpaper
How do cartilaginous get oxygen
from the water
Are they carnivores?
yes
Give 3 examples of bony fishes
trout, tuna, goldfish,and some others
Do bony fish have jaws and scales
yes
What is in the pocket on each side of the head of bony fish
gills
What are the skeletons made of
bones
What is an internal, gas-filled sac that helps the fish stay stable in different depths of water?
swim bladder
Bony fishes make up what percentage of all fish species?
95%
Where do boy fish live
both salt and fresh water
Page 92
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