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Unit 1-Cell Structure and Function

Terms in this set (50)

Nucleus
DNA is found here. RNA is also made here.
Nucleolus
This produces ribosomes and is inside the nucleus.
Cytoplasm
This contains the jelly-like cytosol and all the organelles floating in it.
Golgi Apparatus/Golgi Bodies
processes and packages proteins from the ER for secretion (release) to the outside of the cell
Lysosome
This breaks down materials within a cell/ clean up crew
centrioles
separate and form spindle fibers during mitosis
Chloroplast
This uses carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to carry out photosynthesis. This is found in plant cells and some protists.
Cell Membrane
a semipermeable phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that controls what goes in and out of the cell
Mitochondria
This provides energy to the cell. It is bean shaped and is the powerhouse of the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
This is the highway of the cell. It transports proteins and other cell products.
Ribosome
They make proteins.
Cell Wall
This is a thick outer layer in plant cells made of cellulose. It is also found in fungi, algae, and some bacteria.
Organelle
This is a tiny organ within a cell that carries out a specific task.
The Cell Theory
1. All living things are made up of cells.
2. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
Prokaryote
type of cell without a nucleus in the cell
Eukaryote
type of cell with a nucleus
Vacuole
Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
chromatin
active, uncoiled form of DNA carrying out the functions of the cell
cell wall
provides protection for the cell, not found in animal cells
chromatography
separating pigments
plasmolysis
a cell shrinks due to an outside factor
Smooth ER
type of ER that has no ribosomes and collects enzymes
Rough ER
type of ER with ribosomes
passive transport
Requires NO energy, Movement of molecules from high to low concentration, Moves with the concentration gradient
facilitated transport
Passive transfer of a sustance into or out of a cell by a process that requires a carrier protein
active transport
Movement of materials against a concentration difference, does require cellular energy
diffusion
Movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration to reach equilibrium
osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
isotonic
All materials in/out of the cell are at equilibrium
hypertonic
when the concentration is higher inside the cell than outside
hypotonic
when the concentration is higher outside the cell than inside
Scientific Method
1) Problem
2) Research
3) Hypothesis
4) Design/test
5) Data
6) Conclusion
Characteristics of Life
1) Respond to environment
2) Made of cells
3) Homeostasis
4) Requires energy
5) Grow & develop, reproduce
6) DNA
7) Evolves over time
Who are Robert Hooke & Leeuwenhoek?
Hooke- 1st man to coin the term "cell"
Leeuwenhoek- Father of Microbiology
List the levels of cellular organization in order from smallest to largest?
Cells>tissue>organ>organ system>organism
What works together to make an organ system?
organs
Who came up with the cell theory?
schleiden, schwann, virchow
Cells
basic unit of life
What are the 2 types of Eukaryotic cells?
Plant and animal
What is the difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells?
Pro- small, simple, no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles
Euk- large, complex, have nucleus, have membrane bound organelles
Which organelles are found in plant but not animal cells?
chloroplast, cell wall, large vacuole
Which organelle holds the cell together and is said to be semi-permeable?
the plasma/cell membrane
What are the energy-converting organelles?
mitochondria and chloroplast
Homeostasis
where an organism maintains the same internal environment
what is the importance of the proteins in the membrane?
they help transport large molecules across the cell membrane (i.e. facilitated diffusion, active transport)
why is the membrane semi-permeable?
it only lets some things enter and exit
Exocytosis
molecules leaving the cell (active)
Endocytosis
molecules entering the cell (active)
Plant cell description
square shape, large vacuole, has cell wall, has chloroplast
Animal cell description
round shape, no wall, small vacuole, no chloroplast
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