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Biochem

Terms in this set (20)

Cytosol
contents of the main compartment of the cytoplasm, excluding membrane-enclosed organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria
Cytoplasm
contents of a cell that are contained within its plasma membrane but, in the case of eukaryotic cells, contained outside the nucleus
Mitochondria
membrane-enclosed organelle, about the size of a bacterium, that carries out oxidative phosphorylation and produces most of the ATP in eukaryotic cells
Nucleus
prominent, rounded structure that contains the DNA of a eukaryotic cell
Chloroplasts
specialized organelle in algae and plants that contains chlorophyll and serves as the site in which photosynthesis takes place
Lysosomes
membrane-enclosed organelle that breaks down worn-out proteins and organelles and other waste materials, as well as molecules taken up by endocytosis; contains digestive enzymes that are typically most active at the acid pH found inside these organelles
Chromosomes
long, thread-like structure composed of DNA and proteins that carries the genetic information of an organism; becomes visible as a distinct entity when a plant or animal cell prepares to divide
Golgi apparatus
membrane-enclosed organelle in eukaryotic cells that modifies the proteins and lipids made in the endoplasmic reticulum and sorts them for transport to other sites
Peroxisomes
small membrane-enclosed organelle that contains enzymes that degrade lipids and destroy toxins
Plasma Membrane
the protein-containing lipid bilayer that surrounds a living cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum
labyrinthine membrane-enclosed compartment in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells where lipids and proteins are made
Cytoskeleton
system of protein filaments in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that gives the cell shape and the capacity for directed movement; its most abundant components are actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments
True or False?
The hereditary information of a cell is passed on by its proteins.
FALSE
True or false?
Bacterial DNA is found in the cytosol.
TRUE
True or false?
Plants are composed of prokaryotic cells.
FALSE
True or false?
All cells of the same organism have the same number of chromosomes (with the exception of egg and sperm cells).
TRUE
True or false?
The cytosol contains membrane-enclosed organelles, such as lysosomes.
FALSE
True or false?
The nucleus and mitochondria are surrounded by a double membrane.
TRUE
True or false?
Protozoans are complex organisms with a set of specialized cells that form tissues, such as flagella, mouthparts, stinging darts, and leglike appendages.
FALSE
True or false?
Lysosomes and peroxisomes are the sites of degradation of unwanted materials.
TRUE
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