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Chemistry Chapter 6- Morgan

Key Concepts:

Terms in this set (54)

elements that gain one valence electron to form a complete octet
halogens
a column on the periodic table
group(or family)
developed the "law of octaves"
Newlands
given credit for developing the first periodic table of elements
Mendeleev
elements used in electronics as semiconductors
metalloids
a row on the periodic table
period
elements with two valence electrons
alkaline earth metals
first to arrange the periodic table by atomic number rather than mass
Moseley
elements want to have this many outer electrons
eight
about 3/4 of the elements on the periodic table are classified as
metals
Which group will have an electron configuration that ends in ns2?
Alkaline Earth Metals
Which scientist classified elements into four categories: gases, metals, nonmetals, and earths?
Lavoisier
Nonmetals tend to conduct heat and electricity better than metalloids. (True or false)
False
Which scientist characterized the "law of octaves"?
Newlands
Which region contains the alkaline earth metal family of elements?
column b
Which region contains elements with an electron configuration that ends with np3?
column c
Which scientist first arranged elements by atomic number?
Mosely
Which region contains the halogen family of elements?
column c
atomic radius (size):
diagram 4
electronegativity
diagram 1
first ionization energy
diagram 1
Which of the following correctly shows elements in order of increasing electronegativity?
Cs < Sr < Pd < In < As < S < O < F
Which category of elements is commonly used to make computer chips and solar cells due to their ability to conduct electricity only under certain conditions?
metalloids
When an atom loses electrons, its radius gets smaller. (True or False)
True
Which is defined as the energy required to remove a valence electron from an atom of an element?
ionization energy
Which element on the periodic table has the highest IE?
F
Which element has the largest atomic radius (size)?
element B (Ag)
The best explanation for why atoms shrink in volume across a row is because you are adding new layers of valence electrons. (True or False)
False
In what directions does electronegativity increase as you move across the periodic table?
left to right, bottom to top
Which of the following would be the hardest to remove an electron from?

Sb3-, Te2-, I-, Cs+, Ba2
Ba2+
Which of the following elements is a metal?
magnesium
Which of the following would have the most electrons?

Sb3-, Te2-, Cs+, Ba2+
they all have the same number of electrons (isoelectronic)
The elements classified as _____ have the property of _________ heat and electricity, and tend to appear as _______
metals, conducting, shiny
Which element on the periodic table has the smallest electronegativity?
Fr
Which of the following correctly shows elements in order of decreasing first ionization energy?
F > O > S > As > In > Pd > Sr > Cs
The transition elements consist only of those that are found in block d of the periodic table. (True or False)
False
Nonmetals tend to conduct heat and electricity better than metalloids. (True or False)
False
Which of the following would be the largest ion?

Sb3-, Te2-, I-, Cs+, Ba2
Sb3-
Which block on the periodic table contains the actinide series of elements?
f-block
Which block is element Y most likely found in?
p
alkaline earth metal
strontium
noble gas
argon
halogen
astatine
inner transition metal
cerium
In what directions does atomic size (radius) increase as you move across the periodic table?
right to left, top to bottom
According to ____ periodic table, which is generally considered the "first" one made, the physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic mass.
Mendeleev
Which of the following would have the most protons?

Sb3-, Te2-, I-, Cs+, Ba2
Ba2+
The change in atomic radius from left to right across a row is best explained by _____ , while the change in atomic radius down a group is best explained by _____ .
increased nuclear charge, increased shielding
Which element on the periodic table has the largest atomic radius?
Fr
Which of the following is the best definition of electronegativity.
the tendency for an atom's nucleus to attract bonding electrons
Which element on the periodic table has the smallest first ionization energy?
Fr
In which pair is the one on the left larger than the one on the right?
Al, Al3+
Which of the following correctly shows elements in order of increasing atomic radius?
F < O < S < As < In < Pd < Sr < Cs
Moving left to right across a period increases nuclear charge, thus causing the atom to shrink in size. (True or False)
True
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