Science Study Guide: Unit 10

Terms in this set (48)

7.2 Key Terms Pages 262-266
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density:
The amount of mass of a substance in a given volume, mass per unit volume.
pressure:
The force exerted on a surface divided by the total area over which the force is exerted.
air pressure:
The pressure caused by the weight of a column of air pushing down on an area.
barometer:
An instrument used to measure changes in air pressure.
mercury barometer:
An insrument that measures changes in air pressure, consisting of a glass tube partially filled with mercury, with its open end resting in a dish of mercury.
aneroid barometer:
An instrument that measures changes in air pressure without using a liquid.
altitude:
Elevation above sea level.
7.3 Key Terms pgs 268-271:
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Troposhere:
The lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere.
Stratosphere:
The second lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere.
Mesosphere:
The layer of Earth's atmosphere immediately above the stratosphere.
Thermosphere:
The outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere.
Temperature:
A measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to a reference point.
Ionosphere:
The lower part of the thermosphere.
Exosphere:
The outer layer of the thermosphere.
7.4/7.5 Key Terms Pages 272-280
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electromagnetic wave
Wave that can transfer energy through the vacuum of space.
radiation
The direct transfer of energy through space by electromagnetic waves.
infrared radiation
Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths that are longer than red light.
ultraviolet radiation
Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths that are shorter than visible light.
scattering
Reflection of light in all directions.
greenhouse effect
The process by which heat is trapped in the atmosphere by water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and other gases that form "blanket" around Earth.
thermal energy
The total energy of motion in the particles of a substance.
thermometer
An instrument used to measure temperature, consisting of a thin glass tube with a bulb on one end that contains a liquid.
heat
The transfer of thermal energy between objects because of a difference in temperature.
conduction
The direct transfer of heat between two substances that are touching.
convection
The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid.
convection current
The movement of a fluid that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another.
Key Terms Page 256:
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Weather:
The condition of Earth's atmosphere at a particular at a particular time and place.
Atmosphere:
Earth's envelope of gases.
Ozone:
A form of oxygen that has three oxygen atoms in each molecule instead of the usual two.
Water Vapor:
Water in the form of a gas.
Pollutant:
A harmful substance in the air, water or soil.
Photochemical Smog:
A brownish haze formed when pollutants react with each other in the presence of sunlight.
Acid Rain:
Rain that contains more acid than normal.
Section 6 Key Terms 7.6 Pages 282 - 288
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Wind -
The horizontal movement if air from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure.
Anemometer -
An instrument used to measure wind speed.
Wind-chill factor -
A measure of cooling combining tempature and wind speed.
Local winds -
Winds that blow over short distances.
Sea breeze -
The flow of cooler air from over an ocean or lake toward land.
Land breeze -
The flow of air form land to a body of water.
Global winds -
Winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances.
Coriolis effect -
The effect of Earth's rotation on the direction of winds and currents.
Latitude -
The distance in degrees North or South of the equator.
Jet stream -
Bands of high-speed winds about 10 kilometers above Earth's surface.
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