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Class: 2nd generation cephalosporin
Mechanism: betal lactams, less susceptible to penicillinases; bactericidal
Uses: gram + cocci, h flu, e coli, neisseria, proteus, enterobacter, hlebsiella, serratia (HEN PEcKS)
AE: hypersensitivity, vitamin K deficiency, increases nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides
C/I: Class: sulfonamides
Mechanism: inhibits folate synthesis by blocking dihydropteroate synthase
Uses: simple UTI, gram +, gram -, nocardia, chlamydia
AE: hypersensitivity, hemolysis (G6PD), nephrotoxicity, photosensitivity, kernictirus in infants
MoR: altered enzyme, decreased uptake, increased PABA synthesis
C/I: Class: fluoroquinolone
Mechanism: inhibits topoisomerase II/IV
Uses: gram - rods (including pseudomonas), neisseria, some gram +
AE: GI upset, superinfections, skin rashes, headache, dizziness, tendonitis, tendon rupture, leg cramps, myalgias, QT prolongation
MoR: DNA gyrase mutation, efflux pumps
C/I: pregnant women, nursing mothers, children < 18 Class:
Mechanism: binds ergosterol; forms membrane pores that allow leakage of electrolytes
Uses: systemic mycoses, cryptococcus, blastomyces, coccidioides, histoplasma, candida, mucor, fungal meningitis; supplement K and Mg
AE: fever/chills, hypotension, nephrotoxicity, arrhythmias, anemia, IV phlebitis
C/I: Class:
Mechanism: binds cyclophilin, inhibiting calcineurin, inhibiting IL-2 transcription
Uses: transplant rejection prophylaxis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis
AE: nephrotoxicity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, tremor, hirutism, gingival hyperplasia
C/I: Class: glucocorticoids
Mechanism: inhibits NF-KB to suppress transcription of many cytokines
Uses: transplant rejection prophylaxis, inflammation, addison disease, astha
AE: hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, central obesity, muscle breakdown, psychosis, acne, hypertension, cataracts, peptic ulcers, adrenal insufficiency (abrupt stop)
C/I: Class: muscarinic antagonist
Mechanism:
Uses: bradycardia, increased pupil dilation, decreases secretions, decreases gut motility, decreases bladder urgency, organophosphate/AChEi toxicity
AE: increases body temperature (decreased sweating), dry/flushed skin, cyclopegia, constipation, disorientation, angle closure glaucoma, urinary retention, hyperthermia in infants
C/I: Class: beta blocker
Mechanism:
Uses: angina pectoris, MI, SVT, HTN, CHF, glaucoma
AE: impotence, bradycardia, AV block, CHF, seizures, sedation, sleep alteration, dyslipidemia, asthma/COPD exacerbation, masks hypoglycemia in diabetics
C/I: asthma, COPD, cocaine users, angina (pindolol, acebutolol) Class: non-dihydropyridine Ca channel blocker, IV antiarrhythmic
Mechanism: reduces cardiac contractility, reduces conduction velocity, increases PR interval, increases ERP
Uses: hypertension, angina, afib, aflutter
AE: cardiac depression, AV block, peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness, hyperprolactinemia, constipation
C/I: Class: III antiarrhythmic
Mechanism: K channel blocker --> increased AP duration, increase ERP, increased QT interval
Uses: refractory arrythmias, afib, aflutter, VT
AE: torsade de pointes, amidodarone - pulmonary fibrosis, hepatotoxicity, thyroid problems, corneal/skin deposits, photodermatitis, neurologic effects, constipation, bradycardia, heart block, CHF
C/I: Class:
Mechanism: D2 receptor antagonist, increases resting tone, increases contractility, increases motility
Uses: diabetic and post surgery gastroparesis, antiemetic
AE: parkinsonian effects, restlessness, drowsiness, fatigue, depression, nausea, diarrhea
C/I: small bowel obsrtuction, parkinson's Class: NSAID
Mechanism: irreversible inhibits COX1/2 to inhibit platelet aggregation via decreased TXA2, decreases prostaglandins
Uses: antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet
AE: gastric ulceration, tinnitus, acute renal failure, interstitial nephritis, upper GI bleed, Reye syndrome, hyperventilation, respiratory alkalosis
C/I: Class: antimetabolite
Mechanism: folic acid analog that inhibits DHFR, decreasing dTMP, decreasing DNA and protein synthesis
Uses: leukemia, lymphoma, choriocarcinoma, sarcoma, abortion, ectopic pregnancy, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, IBD
AE: myelosuppression, fatty change in liver, hepatotoxicitiy, mucositis, stomatitis, stomatitis
C/I: pregnancy Class:
Mechanism: may trigger apoptosis
Uses: CLL, NH lymphoma, immunosuppresant
AE: Cushing's, weight gain, central obesity, muscle breakdown, cataracts, acne, osteoporosis, hypertension, peptic ulcers, hyperglycemia, psychosis
C/I: Class: opiod agonist
Mechanism: opens K channels and closes Ca channels --> decreases synaptic transmission; inhibits release of ACh, NE, 5-HT, glutamate, substance P
Uses: pain, cough, diarrhea, acute pulmonary edema, heroin addicts
AE: addiction, respiratory depression, constipation, miosis, biliary colic
C/I: pentazocine (can cause withdrawal sx) Class:
Mechanism: increases Na channel inactivation
Uses: status epilepticus prophylaxis, tonic-clonic seizures
AE: nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, sedation, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, peripheral neuropathy, megaloblastic anemia, SLE, SJS, osteopenia, LAD
C/I: pregnancy Class: benzodiazepenes
Mechanism: increases frequency of Cl channel opening, enhancing GABA action; decreases REM sleep
Uses: anxiety, spasticity, status epilepticus, detoxification (delirium tremens), night terrors, sleepwalking, general anesthetic, hypnotic
AE: dependence, less risk of resp depression and coma than barbiturates, additive CNS depression with OH
C/I: Class:
Mechanism: inhibits Na/Cl pump at distal tubule, decreases Ca excretion
Uses: hypertension, CHF, hypercalciuria, nephrogenic DI, osteoperosis
AE: hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, hypercalemia, sulfa allergy
C/I: Class: ACE inhibitors
Mechanism: inhibits ACE, decreasing ATII, decreaseing GFR via preventing constriction of efferent arterioles; prevents bradykinin inactivation
Uses: hypertension, CHF, proteinuria, diabetic nephropathy, prevent unfavorable heart modeling in chronic hypertension
AE: cough, angioedema, increased Creatinine (decreased GFR), hyperkalemia, hypotension
C/I: C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency, pregnancy, b/l renal artery stenosis 