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Physical Science - Chapter 20 Vocabulary - Electricity

Terms in this set (33)

Electric Charge
is a property that causes subatomic particles sush as protons and electrons to attract or repel one another.
Electric Force
is the attraction or repulsion between electrically charged objects.
Electric Field
is a field in a region of space that exerts electric force on charged particles in a field produced by electric charges or by changing magnetic fields.
Static Electricity
is the study of the behavior of electric changes, including how charge is transferred between objects.
Law of Conservation of Charge
is a law stating that the total electric charge in an isolated system is constant; electric charge is never created or destroyed.
Induction
is the transfer of charge without contract between materials.
Electric Current
is a continuous flow of electric charge.
Direct Current (DC)
is a flow of electric charge in only one direction.
Alternating Current (AC)
is a flow electric charged that regularly reverses in direction.
Electrical Conductor
is a material through which electric charge can flow easily.
Electrical Insulator
is a material through which electric charge cannot flow easily.
Resistance
is the opposition to the flow of electric charge in a material.
Superconductor
is a material that has almost zero resistance when it is cooled to low temperatures.
Potential Difference
is voltage, or the difference in electric potential energy between two places in an electric field.
Voltage
is potential difference, the difference in electric potential energy between two places in an electric field.
Battery
is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
Ohm's Law
is the relationship of voltage, current, and resistance: V=IR.
Electric Circuit
is a complete path through which electric charge can flow.
Series Circuit
is an electric circuit with only one path through which charge can flow.
Parallel Circuit
is an electric circuit which two or more paths through which charge can flow.
Electric Power
is the rate at which electrical energy is converted to another form of energy.
Fuse
is a device that prevents overheating due to current in a circuit.
Circuit Breaker
is a switch that opens when the current in a circuit is too high.
Grounding
is the transfer of excess charge through a conductor to Earth.
Electronics
is the science of using electrical currents to process or transmit information.
Electronic Signal
is information sent as patterns in the controlled flow of electrons through a circuit.
Analog Signal
is a smooth varying signal produced by continuously changing the voltage or current.
Digital Signal
is a signal that encodes information as a string of 1's and 0's.
Semiconductor
is a crystalline solid that conducts electric current only under certain conditions.
Diode
is a solid-state component with a n-type semiconductor joined to a p-type semiconductor.
Transistor
is a solid-state component with three layers of semiconductor material, used to turn current on or off or to increase the strength of electronic signals.
Integrated Circuit
is a thin slice of silicon that contains many solid-state components; a microchip.
Computer
is a programable device that can store and process information.
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