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Health Final Exam

Terms in this set (67)

Osteoblast
Bones cells that make or build up the bone
Arrhythmia
An abnormal heart rate, may be too fast, too slow or irregular
Preventive Care
Approach which focuses on health screening to allow early identification/treatment of diseases
Asthma
Air way disease that results from exposure to an allergen or noxious agent. The lining of the airways swell, mucous production increases and the muscles in the airway walls contract.
Myocardial infarction
Heart muscle dying usually the result of a blocked coronary artery. It can be mild or fatal
Direct Contact
A mode of transmission where one person infects another by touching him or sneezing/coughing on him
Chain of Infection
Reservoir-portal of exit-mode of transmission-portal of entry-susceptible host
F. Nightingale
Englishwoman who is the founder of Modern Nursing
Managed Care
Strategy to save money in health care by limiting the patient's choices such as limiting the doctors the patient can see and limiting the drugs a patient can be prescribed
Pneumonia
Infection in the lungs where alveoli fill with fluid and cellular debris preventing oxygen from diffusion
Artery ie. Aorta
thick walled muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart and toward the body's other organs. Usually has a high oxygen level.
Ergonomics
The science used to promote the safety and well being of the worker by adapting the environment
Food and Drug Administration
US government agency that monitors the safety of what we eat and what we use as medicine
Exogenous
A type of infection that originated outside the body
W Roentgen
German doctor who discovered and names xrays
Diaphragm
Flat muscle that divides the chest from the abdominal cavity. It produces inspiration and expiration
HIPAA
Federal regulations that protect patient confidentiality and the ability to retain insurance
Atherosclerosis
Disease characterized by the accumulation of fats on the inner wall of arteries
Endocrine gland
A ductless gland that deposits an internal secretion directly into the blood stream
Anabolic steroid
Class of synthetic steroids related to testosterone often abused by athletes
Medicare
Federal program which insures people 65 and older, some disabled people and people with severe renal disease
Insulin
Hormones produced by the pancreas which allows sugars to leave the blood stream and enter cells. The disease where it is absent or inadequate is called Diabetes Mellitus
J Lister
Scotsman who discovered that disinfecting instruments reduce surgical deaths. Called the father of modern surgery
Hormone
Chemical messenger released by an endocrine gland
Cholesterol
Lipid found in food from animals. High levels of this increase risks of heart disease and atherosclerosis.
Testosterone
Hormone produces by the testes produce male characteristics.
W Jenner
Englishman who discovered that vaccinations with cowpox prevented smallpox
Alveoli
Part of the lung where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves the blood
Insurance
Pooled risk. You pay a small amount to prevent a bis loss.
Cough
A defense mechanism the body uses to keep pathogens out of the lungs
Premium
The money paid each month for your insurance policy
Feedback Loop
control system that self adjusts such as the pancreas starts secreting insulin when the blood sugar level is high and stops when the blood sugar level is normal
CPR
Consist of chest compressions and breaths given to a person who is unresponsive
Arthritis
Wearing away of the cartilage lining of a joint which can cause pain
Mendel
Austrian monk who first described the distribution of inherited characteristics
Opportunistic
Type of infection that takes advantage of a person with a weakened immune system
Deductible
Amount of money you must pay for health care before your insurance starts paying
Susceptible host
Person or animal in the chain of infection who can become infected with a disease
Left Ventricle
Largest chamber of the heart
Antibiotic Resistance
Bacteria that is not killed by antibiotics
Heimlich Maneuver
Sharp upward thrusts just above the belly button
Wellness Education
Program that instructs people on being healthy
Contaminated
Concern that pathogens might be present
Practices which lower heart attack risks
Increase exercise, decrease stress, eat healthy, don't smoke
Septic
Person or animal that has the signs of being infected with a pathogen
AED
Automated device that delivers a shock to a heart that has stopped beating
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration
Hand washing
The best way to avoid getting an infectious disease
Fleming
Englishman who came upon penicillin, the first antibiotic
Fomites
Contaminated objects that transfer disease
Standard precautions
Recommendations from the CDC to prevent infection of HCP by contaminated body fluids
Tendon
Strong tissue that connects muscle to bone
First Responder
What a person offers to an injured person until an expert arrives
Medicaid
Healthcare managed by the states to insure the poor, the disabled and children without insurance
Bioterrorism
Use of biological agents as a weapon
Ligament
Strong tissue that holds bones together
Indirect contact
Mode of transmission of an infection by an object such as a pencil or a doorknob
Epiglottis
Flap that keeps food out of our lungs
Target Organ
Sight where hormone has its effect by stimulating or inhibiting cellular function
Dyspnea
Shortness of breath
Vein ie Vena Cava
Thin walled vessels that carry blood to the heart
Osteoclast
Bone cells that break down bone
Estrogen
Hormone produced by ovaries
Body mechanics
Body alignment that uses our muscles most effectively
Muscle
Specialized tissue that can contract and relax
Endogenous
The source of infection is inside the body
Pasteur
French scientist that discovered diseases caused by germs and heat would kill them
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