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Sancibrian Spring 2016: Phonetics review

Terms in this set (69)

semivowels
glides
homorganic
same place
homotypic
same manner
monopthongs
pure vowel
phoneme
sound segment has linguistic function of distinguishing morphemes, semantically distinctive
dipthongs
have feature shift, change in vocal tract shape, onglide and offglide
syllable has
one vowel
phonetics
study of perception and production of speech sound
phonology
study of structure and function of sound system
overt levels of phonology
artic, plan, execution of motor movements, physical movment, motor abilities, phonetic level, what you hear
covert levels of phonology
knowledge of sound and rule system, phonemic level
speech def.
pattern of movements of articulators and acoustic vibrations
english has how many phonemes?
42-44
allophone def.
variant of phoneme related to context
allophones in free variation
sounds can replace each other w.out effect
complementary distribution def.
2 allophones dont occur in same phonetic environment
allophone example
aspirated and unaspirated t are same sound
complementary distribution example
dark and light l
phone
sound produced by vocal tract
grapheme
unit of orthography, letter
allograph def.
letters that represent same sound
allograph example
sh is spelled si, ch, s, xi
phonotactics def.
constraints on combination or sequence of phonemes
phonotactics example
no h @ word final
si
syllable initial
wi
word initial
onset
consonant at beginning
rhyme
peak/nucleus+coda
open syllable
no coda
peak
vowel
coda
final consonant
vowel
no constriction, continuants, more acoustic intensity, longer, prodosy,
syllabic consonant voicing
voiced
phonemic diphthongs
ai oy au
non phonemic dipthongs
ei, ou
rhotic dipthongs def.
pure vowel +4
rhotic dipthongs ex
ir, er, ar, ur, or
vowels determined by
tongue height advancement, tense lax, round unround
dipthongization of vowel
made longer
monopthongization of vowel
made shorter
nasalization of vowel
between nasal consonants
rhoticization of vowel
vowel+r
reduction of vowel
rate increase, stress decrease, vowel shortened and articulated more in central
running speech vowels move
towards middle
stop
closure of vocal tract, air pressure builds up behind closure, stop burst
stop burst
air released after stop
fricative
narrow constriction, air goes thru w. continuous noise
sibilant
intense frication noise
affricates
stop+fricative, vp closure
strident
noisy fricatives and affricates
nasal
oral closure, open vp port, sound radiates thru nasal cavity
liquid
voicing thru vocal tract more constricted than vowels
lateral liquid
L, midline closure @ alv ridge, lateral opening for sound
rhotic liquid
r, tongue tip curl up in retroflex or tongue bunched palatal
glide constriction
vocal tract constricted more than for vowels, less for stops and fricatives, articulators move from constricted to open for adjacent vowel
bilabial
lip closure, protrusion, rounding, narrowing, brief close and open
labiodental
constriction between lower lip and upper front teeth
interdental
tongue tip protrudes between teeth, tongue tip @ back of front teeth
alveolar
tongue @ alv ridge
cognates
pairs that share same place and manner but differ in voicing
palatal
tongue tip raised to palate
velar constriction @
hard palate or velum
glottal
glottis/larynx level
unmarked
natural, universal, acquired earlier, easier
approximant
liquid and glide
coarticulation
articulators prepare for next sound
assimilation
outcome of coarticulation
suprasegmentals
rate, loudness, stress
segment
phoneme
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