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BBE 4413:Ceiling and roof framing

Terms in this set (28)

basic types of roof framing
-sloped
-flat
Rise to run(slope)
-run is fixed at 12
-common roof slope are 4/12 to 12/12
common roof slopes
-12/12 is 45degres
-8/12 and 10/12 are very common in new homes
-3/12 is minimum slope for most shingles
variety of pitched roof designs
- gable
-hip
-shed
-gambrel
-Mansard
Gable
- gable dormers
-shed dormer
Basic framing approaches
- Trusses
- Hand-framed
Trusses
- can be fabricated for most roof designs w/ long spans
- with computer-aid engineering there is growing flexibility in truss design
Hand-framed parts
-ceiling joist
-roof rafter
-Knee( or dwarf) walls
Ceiling
-carry loads
-ties walls together to resist thrust
roof rafter
- ridge board
- collar ties
- rake rafter and lookouts
- valley and hip rafters
- jack rafters- for hip roofs
sloped,vaulted or cathedral ceilings
- one area where hand framing is still common
- uses a ridge beam to carry loads: reduces the thrust on the load bearing wall
- roof joists must have enough depth to accommodate required insulation and ventilation
roof joists must have enough depth to accommodate required insulation and ventilation
- generally 210 or 212
-I-joist is quite common
-sometimes a parallel chord truss
Trusses
- based on the strength of a triangle
* uses shorter,smaller pieces of lumber
* connected by gussets or metal plates
-common types of trusses
common types of trusses
-king-post, Howe, Fink
-raised heel
-scissor
-mono
stud
A vertical member to support sheathing or concrete forms.
cripple stud
Above-grade wall framing that extends from the foundation top to the first story's floor framing.
Jack stud
A portable mechanism for moving loads short distances by means of force applied with a lever, screw,
header(or Lintel)
A rectangular masonry unit laid across the thickness of a wall, so as to expose its end(s)
bottom plate
piece of timber which sits on the floor and forms the bottom of the wall,[ carrying the stud loads to the floor joits]
top plate
A member on top of a stud wall on which joists rest to support an additional floor or to form a ceiling
truss
A structural component composed of a combination of members, usually in a triangular arrangement, to form a rigid framework
ceiling joists
number of horizontal beams , running parallel from one to the opposite of the structure
roof joists
A rafter on a flat roof that supports the roof loads; usually 2'10's or 2 '12's
collar tie
A horizontal tie connecting pairs of opposite rafters near the ridge of the roof.
ridge beam
A horizontal timber to which the tops of rafters are fastened.
Hip rafter
The rafter that, in essence, is the hip of a roof, by virtue of its location at the junction of adjacent inclined planes of a roof
valley rafter
the rafter that connects the ridge to the wall plate along the line where the two inclined,[ perpendicular sides of the roof meet.]
jack rafter
A shortened rafter generally found in hip roofs
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