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Laws and Counseling

Terms in this set (41)

Civil Rights act 1964
Protect people who were discriminated based on a genetic trait related to particular ethnic groups
Americans with Disabilities Act

1990
Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities including genetic disorders.

NO protections for unexpressed genetic conditions

Employers may request/require employees to provide medical/genetic information
HIPAA 1996
Prohibit use of health information including genetic factors by GROUP health insurance plans to deny coverage, determine eligibility, or increase premiums

BUT preexisting conditions may be excluded for up to 12 months (if no symptoms present, not a preexisting condition)
HIPAA limitations
Does not prevent charging higher premiums for a whole group.

Does not apply to those seeking insurance in the individual market.

Does not prohibit employers from refusing to offer coverage
Executive order 13145
Prohibited workplace genetic discrimination in federal departments and agencies including medical conditions and genetic tests of family members
Who is not protected by GINA?
-Military personnel
-Federal employees health benefits plan
-VA patients
-Indian health service patients
-People who have manifested symptoms
-Does not protect against life, disability, and long term care
What is a crisis?
Stressful event that threatens an individuals psychological equilibrium to the point of overwhelming the normal coping responses
What is a situational crisis?
Occurs in response to a sudden, unexpected event in a person's life. Critical life events revolve around experiences of grief and loss
If a client is having a crisis, what do you want to do?
Assess...

Perception is realistic?
Situational support adequate?
Coping mechanism adequate?
What are situations you'd need a crisis intervention?
Hopeless
Sleep deprivation
Powerless
Severe/Panic anxiety
Disturbed thought process
Chronic low self esteem
Risk of self harm
What is the best approach to crisis intervention?
Plan and determine a desired outcome.

Set realistic goals
--Need social support?

Use problem solving approach
Coping styles:

Hostility towards the responsible person or situation
Confrontational
Coping Styles:

Avoid thinking about the situation or minimize the significance
Distancing
Coping styles:

Attempts to control ones emotions and actions
Self-controlling
Coping styles:

Searches for sources of information, emotional, or tangible help
Seeking social support
Coping styles:

Acknowledging one's own role in the situation
Accepting responsibility
Coping styles:

Hoping for a miracle or wishful thinking, while avoiding the situation
Escape-avoidance
Coping styles:

Analyzing the situation and forming an action plan
Planning
Coping styles:

Identifying positive outcomes of the situation
Positive reappraisal
Transference definition
Process by which emotions and desires are transferred unconsciously to the counselor
Responses:

Short-lived reaction characterized by psychic numbness and cognitive disorientation, dramastically decreased or disrupted mobility and speech
Shock
Responses:

Panic-like response to initial sensing of a threat. Characterized by confusion, cognitive flooding, physiological symptoms, hyperventilation, excess perspiration, irritable stomach
Anxiety
Responses:

Minimization or negation of chronicity, extent, and future implications associated with a condition. Selective attention, wishful thinking, unrealistic expectations, and sometimes neglect.
Denial
Responses:

Realization of permanency, magnitude and future implications leads to feelings of despair, helpless, hopeless, isolation, and distress
Depression
Responses:

Internalized resentment, bitterness, guilt, and self-blame characterized by antagonism, passive-aggressive actions and aggressive acts
Anger and hostility
Responses:

Reorganization, reintegration, or reorientation characterized by cognitive reconciliation of condition, its impact, and chronic or permanent nature; affective acceptance; and eventually active pursuit
of personal, social, and/or vocational goals.
Adjustment
Defense Mechanisms:

Complete rejection of the thought or feeling

"That's not true"
Denial
Defense Mechanisms:

Vaguely aware of the thought or feeling, but try to hide it.

"I'm going to try to be nice to her"
Suppresion
Defense Mechanisms:

Turning the feeling into its opposite

"This is great!"
Reaction Formation
Defense Mechanisms:

You think someone else has your thought or feeling

"The counselor is just mad at me"
Projection
Defense Mechanisms:

You redirect your feelings to another target.

"I hate this clinic and the doctor"
Displacement
Defense Mechanisms:

You come up with explanations justifying the situation while denying your feelings.

"She's so mean because she just had a bad day"
Rationalization
Defense Mechanisms:

You delve into the content and use large words

"This situation resminds me of how Nietzshe said that anger is ontological dispair"
Intellectualization
Defense Mechanisms:

You try to reverse your feelings by doing something that indicates the opposite. It may be an 'apology' for the feeling you find unacceptable.

"I'll get him a gift"
Undoing
Defense Mechanisms:

You "think" the feeling but don't really feel it.

"I think I'm angry with her... sort of"
Isolation of affect
Defense Mechanisms:

You revert to an old, usually immature behavior to ventilate your feeling
Regression
Defense Mechanisms:

You redirect your feeling into a socially productive activity

"I'm going to write a poem"
Sublimation
Principles of Ethics

Providing benefit to the person
Beneficience
Principles of Ethics

Distributing benefits and harm fairly
Justice
Principles of Ethics

Balancing resulting benefits and harms
Utility
Principles of ethics

Avoiding harm
Nonmaleficence
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