CSD 1080 Exam 1

Term
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How Many Americans have a communication disorder?
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Terms in this set (78)
How Many Americans have a communication disorder?
17% of the total US population
What do audiologists do?
Hearing heath care professionals who specialize in: prevention of hearing disorders, assessment of hearing disorders, treatment of hearing disorders, aural rehabilitation, counseling, research
What to speech-language pathologists do?
Evaluate and provide prevention and remedial services to children and adults with speech, language, voice, and swallowing problems
What degree is required for SLP to obtain nation certification?
Master's Degree required
What to speech, language, and hearing scientists do? Where do they work?
primarily researchers employed by universities, government agencies, and industries
What are examples of prevention in speech language pathology?
information provision and counseling, fluency, vocal hygiene, articulation, early intervention
what are examples of prevention in audiology?
public awareness of noise induced hearing loss assessment
Where do SLPs and AUDs work? (percentages)
66% Direct care
10-14% program administration and management
5-6% screening, prevention, supervision, and consultation
Where do the majority of SLPs work? (percentages)
50% school systems
colleges and universities
government agencies
What are the credentials for speech-language pathologists?
Master's degree required for certification and successful completion of Clinical Fellowship Year
what is the definition of communicationAn exchange of ideas between sender(s) and receiver(s)what are the 3 components of communication?Language speech hearingWhat is the difference between nonverbal and verbal communication? example of eachverbal: voice, pitch, articulation, oral communication nonverbal: body language, posture, gestures, appearancesWhat is the success/failure of communication dependent on?What is language? what is meant by generative and dynamic?socially shared code for representing concepts through the use of arbitrary symbols and rule-governed combinations of those symbolsWhat is speech?the physical production of spoken languagewhat is hearing?process of perceiving soundWhat is acuity?sharpness; acuteness; keenness: central auditory processingwhat is the difference between speech and language?types of languageoral, written, or signedWhat are spoken language, written language, and signsall symbolsformthe structure of language (phonology, morphology, syntax)contentthe meaning of language (semantics)use of languagethe purpose of language why we use language (pragmatics)Semanticsthe study of the meaning of language Ex: vocabularypragmaticsthe study of the rules that govern language in social situations (spoken and written) Ex: social quessyntaxsentence structureMorgphologyword structurePhonologysound structurewhat is a communication disorder for which no physical cause can be found?functoinalwhat are the different ways to classify communication disorders?Communication disorders can affect which of the the following areas? speech, reading, writing, hearing, listeningspeech language (reading and writing) hearing listening all of themwhat is an oral-facial examination?examine the structure and function of speech mechanism (tongue, teeth, lips, palate & how they work together)what do you do in an opening interview?learn more about the client explain procedures of evaluationwhy "put the person first" in terminology regarding individuals with disabilities?Are regional variations in a language disorders or differences?differenceswhat are some examples of dialect differences?Boston: pahk the cah Black English: she sing too loud Tennessee: I might could go Southern: pop VS sodawhat is an assessment? is it ok to just give one test and do nothing else for an assessment?the process of identifying and describing a clinical problem. nowhat is the main goal of intervention/therapy?client to improve communication skillswhy set goals? how do you determine goals?Clients needs clients wants how it will generalize ease of mastery age appropriatenesswhat is included in a behavioral objective?statement that specifies a goal in observable and measurable waywhat are therapy approaches based on?what is known about disorder what works best for disorder what works best for family personal beliefs/perspectivesIs intervention always structured? Does the degree of structure vary? Why would it vary?What are the purpose of an assessment? What will the results of the assessment be used for?to determine if a problem exists describe strengths describe weaknesses describe severity identify etiology determine treatment plan determine a prognosis identify functional communication needsIs intervention always about "fixing" the client? IF not, what else can SLP/Aud do to help the client?teach family strategies for communicating with client carryover therapy/homeworkIs involving the family important? Who should be involved in setting goals? What is important to examine when measuring effectiveness?What is intentionality?goal directedness gestures accompanied by eye contact with partnerwhen can newborns discriminate between speech sounds?0-1 monthwhen do babies typically produce their first meaningful words?12 monthswhen do they typically attain 50 words and begin to combine words?18 monthsDescribe the syntax and phonology of a typical toddler's languageearly word combinations follow predictable word order/patterns many simplify patterns -words shortened/lengthenedwhat things have children generally mastered by the end of the preschool years?1500 words by 4 years 90% of all syntax by 5 years developed grammatical morphemes maintain topic 2-3 turnsDo children develop speech sounds gradually or quickly?slow at first then rapidIn what position do preschoolers learn many speech sounds?consonant clusterswhat are consonant clusters? When do preschoolers learn them?2 or more consonants togetherKnow the relationship between semantic development and cognitive deveopmentwhat are metalinguistic skills?being able to think, talk about, and analyze languageIs development of the form of language emphasized at this stage?no. pragmatic and semantic skills (rate of language slows-form not emphasized)what happens to pragmatic skills during this time?conversation skills continue to develop adjust language depending on partnerare language skills refined throughout life for some people?yes figurative language, metaphors, proverbs multiple meanings for wordsWhich is more complex for most adults: written or spoken language?writtenDo speech changes occur with age? IF so, what may changeyes rate may slow quality may decline women voice lowers mens voice raisesWhat is the difference between a language disorder and a language delay?Disorde: true imparement, may never catch up to peers, not follow typical development patterns Delay: behind in development, but will catch up to peers. follows normal course of developmentDoes someone with a language disorder always follow typical developmental patterns?no not always they can thoughDo most language disorders look the same ( are they a homogeneous group)nowhat areas of language may be affected for someone with a language disorderexpressive (writing/talking) receptive (reading /listening)What is SLI?specific language impairmentWhat areas of language can be affected for children who have SLI?form content useLearning disabilities can affect what areas? what is the male to female ratio? IS this typical of other childhood disorders?listening, speaking, reading, writing, mathematical 4:1 yesWhat is the difference between language comprehension and language expression?comprehension - trouble understanding language expression- trouble talking/using languagewhat is a cognitive disability? what are the causes? do we always know the cause? what is the role of early interventionsignificantly below average intellectual functioning unknown help find ways to cope around disibilitywhat is the cause of autism?unknownwhat is a strength of most individuals who have autism?strong visual skillswhat areas of language may be affected with neglect and abuse? which tends to be the most affected?form content use use - pragmaticswhen is the fetus particularly vulnerable with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?0-3 monthsWhat is the prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?what are the physical features that affect growth in the facial region of children with FASeyes are farther apartWhat is the leading cause of Brain Injury? what difficulties do these children tend to have (or adults)memory reasoning attention problem solving