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World History Ch 14 The Formation of Western Europe

Terms in this set (75)

problems Church faced? changes church undergo
Priests married, simony, lay investiture. Reconstructed as kingdom w/ pope as head. Curia, Canan law, services, friars
new cathedrals reflect new Age of Faith
Represent City of God, $ poured into construction, meant to inspire worshippers
food supply + between 800-1300
horses replace ox, w/ better harness, 3 fields
guilds influence business in medieval towns
Set standards for work, conditions, & wages
trade & finance increase
merchant guilds control goods, prices, & security. Increased/available goods
+ trade & finance lay foundation for economy for modern Europe
more available goods = more jobs
towns grow larger
+ trade = people looking for work
effect of development of towns of feudal system
serfs ran away from manors to pursue life in towns
revival of learning
texts translate by Jew scholars. Muslim libraries house copies of Greek scholars. Christian scholars prove religion w/ logic
Battle of Hastings affect English history
William, Norman ruler, kill King Harold Godwinson, claim English throne, replace nobility w/ Normans
Henry II strengthen England's legal system
Sent out royal judges to kingdom to collect taxes, settle lawsuits, & punishe crimes. introduced jury to English courts, judges formed common law
Magma Carta important? basic rights guaranteed
"Great Charter", document guaranteeing basic political rights in England, 1215 AD drawn by nobles & approved by King John. Protection of law, no tax w/out representation, jury trial. Limit power of king
Model Parliament major step to democratic govern
meeting of royalty, nobles, & commoners, to discuss tax
Philip strengthen central govern in France
appointed officials to every district to preside over courts & collect taxes
important steps to democracy taken by England & France 800s & 1200s
common law & court system. Including commoners in decision making
Cause & Effect of Great Schism
/ in medieval Roman Catholic Church. Pope moved to Avignon, weak Church, successor Italian, reformists elected another pope, each 1 excommunicate other. Attempt to end by electing 3rd pope, council force 3 to resign, end 417 Martin V elected
Cause & Effect of bubonic plague
deadly disease spread across Asia & Europe in mid 1400s, killing millions. Start in Asia, spread w/ rats & trade, no baths, garbage in streets. no manors, -population, -trade=+prices, peasant revolts in England, France, Italy, & Belgium, Jews blame & persecuted, Church lost piety
Cause & Effect of 100 yrs war
England & France fight on French soil 1337-1453. black death, death of king w/out successor. England warfare change, code of chivalry-, longbow. 1420 treaty, English king on French throne. Joan of Arc. Nationalism emerge in England & France=king as leader who fight for county, power of French king+, England suffer w/ War of Roses (between 2 noble houses), end Middle Ages
Age of Faith
800-1500, Christian beliefs inspired Crusades, built great cathedrals, & guided develop of universities
Simony
selling/buying of Christian church position
Pope Leo IX & Pope Gregory VII
enforced church laws against simony & priest marriage
tithe
family payment of 1/10 of income to church
friar
traveling monks who lived preaching & poverty
Saladin
Kurdish warrior & Muslim leader, took Jerusalem 1187, 3rd crusade, agree w/ truce w/ Richard lion-hearted to keep Jerusalem but allow Christain pilgrims visit holy city
Curia
Pope's advisors
Inquisition
Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating & prosecuting charges of heresy, especially 1 active in Spain in 1400s
heritic
people whose religious beliefs differed from church teachings
Gothic style
style for cathedrals, ribbed vaults, stained glass windows, flying buttresses, pointed arches, & tall spires
Reconquista
Effort of Christian leaders to drive Muslims out of Spain, 1100s-1492
Crusades
expeditions where medieval Christian warriors sought to recover control of Holy Land from Muslims
Lay investiture
appointment of church officials by kings/nobles
Romanesque
800-1100, church architect style w/ round arches, heavy roof held by thick walls & pillars, little/no windows
St. Francis of Assisi
Italian who founded order of friars known as Franciscans, who treat all creatures, even animals, as bros & sis
St. Clare
founded Franciscan order for women w/ Francis, known as Poor Clares
Hildegard of Bingen
Germany, mystic & musician, found Benedictine convent in 1147, live in poverty couldn't travel, work for poor & sick
Richard the Lion-hearted
English king who fought in 3rd crusade
Dominic
Spanish priest found Dominicans, early order of friars, many were scholars
Urban II
called for 1st crusade to gain control of holy land
Moors
Muslims who controlled most of Spain
Ferdinand & Isabella
Spanish monarchs who reclaimed spain from Muslims in Spanish crusade & formed inquisition
3-field system
system of farming developed in medieval Europe, where farmland is divided into 3 ields of = size & each planted w/ winter crop, w/ spring crop, & left unplanted
guilds
medieval association of people working same job, controlled members' wages & prices
apprentice
parents pay for training, live w/ master & family, required to obey master, train 2-7 yrs, not allowed to marry
journeyman
(day worker) worked for master to earn salary, work 6 days week, needed to produce masterpiece & accept by guild to be master
master
owned shop, work w/ other masters to protect trade, sometimes serve in civic govern
usury
lending $ at interest
burgher
medieval merchant-class town dweller
university
group of scholars meeting, made up of people, students were sons of burghers, new ideas flowed from
vernacular
everyday language of people in region/country
Dante Alighieri
wrote 'Divine Comedy' in Italian, 1308-1314
Geoffrey Chaucer
wrote 'Canterbury tales' in English, 1386-1400
Christian de Pisan
wrote 'book of city of ladies in French, 1405
Thomas Aquinas
mid 1200s, scholar, argue most basic religious truths found in logic, wrote Summa Theologicae, influence by Aristotle
Scholastics
scholars who gathered & taught at medieval European universities
Willliam the Conquerer
duke of Normandy, claimed all of England as personal property, kept 1/5 for himself, divided rest w/ 200 Norman lords loyal to him, unified control of lands
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Married to King Henry II, giving French providence of Aquitaine to England
Common law
unified body of law formed from rulings of England's royal judges that serves as basis for law today
King John
English king ruled 1199-1216, John the Softsword, failed military leader, coward, lost Normandy & N France, cruel to subjects, high taxes, nobles revolted, forced to sign Magma Carta
Edward I
called for Model Parliament to go to war
Estates-general
assembly of representatives from all 3 estates/social (church, noble, commoners) classes, in France
parliament
body of representatives that makes laws for nation
Hugh Capet
Duke from middle of France, started Capetian dynasty of French kings (987-1328)
Philip II
Augustus, 3x kingdom, sent royal officials to preside in courts & collect taxes, France
Louis IX
1226-1270, saint, created French appeals court to over rule local courts
Philip IV
1285-1314, tax priests, pope disagreed, called estates-general vs pope, imprison pope
Pope Boniface VIII
1300 attempted to enforce papal authority on kings, wrote document stating kings must obey popes
Clement V
pope that moved to City of Avignon in France
Pope Urban VI
arrogant Italian pope who loved reforms, 1
Pope Clement VII
French pope, 2
Council of Constance
Attempt end Great Schism by electing 3rd pope, then made all 3 resign
John Wycliffe
Englishman, preach Jesus head of Church, more powerful than Pope, clergy live in poverty
Jan Hus
professor, Bible greater than Pope, Excommunicate 1412, tried as heretic & burn at stake 1415
Longbow
cheap, easy to carry, penetrates armor, 'machine gun of middle ages', destroyed chivalry
Joan of Arc
heard God, fought English, crown Charles VI, burn by England Church as witch
name of floor plan of Gothic Cathedral
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