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Health Chapter 28

Terms in this set (44)

Pathogens
Every infectious disease is caused by one of several types of small microscopic organisms known as _________
Cells and tissues
Pathogens invade the body and attack its ______________
Parasites
Most pathogens are _____, which are organisms that live in or on another organsim and derive nourishment from it.
Bacteria
Single celled organisms that can live almost anywhere and some produce posions that are harmful to human cells
Viruses
The smallest known type of infectious agent. HIV is one of the deadliest types of this organism.
Rickettsias
Organisms that resemble small bacteria but, like viruses, are able to multiply only by invading the cells of another life form
Typhus and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Rickettsias are passed to humans or animals by bites or feces deposits on the skin and can cause _____________
Protozoans
Single celled organisms that are larger than bacteria and have a more complex cell structure
Fungi
Simple organisms that can not make their own food. They are saprophytes, organisms that feed off of dead animals, insects, and leaves.
Direct Contact
Pathogens may be spread when an uninfected person comes into contact with an infected person
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)
A disease that's spread sexually
Pregnant women
_____ may transmit infection to an unborn child
Indirect contact
Pathogens spread through the air or by other means of transmission other than direct contact.
Innate Immune System
Your inborn defense provides nonspecific resistance.
Adaptive Immune System
Provides specific resistance.
Immunity
Your body's natural defenses against infection
Non-specific resistance
Inborn or general defenses against infection. Physical, chemical, body cells, and inflammatory response.
Phagocytes
White blood cells that group together to destroy pathogens.
Phagocytosis
The process by which phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens
Neutrophils
Chief phagocytes
Red Alert
Chemical mediators are released causing the blood vessels to dialate and allow increased blood flow until the pathogens are destroyed.
Lymphocytes
Type of white blood cells that fight pathogens. Two types: B Cells and T Cells
B-Cells
Enlarge and multiply eventually turning into antibodies. If you encounter the same specific pathogen again, the antibodies are still there to fight
T-Cells
Two main types. Killer T-Cells: Multiply by the presence of abnormal body cells, then they fight to kill the abnormal cells. Helper T-Cells: Aid the activity of the B & Killer T Cells
Influenza
Viral infection; spread and treated the same way as a cold
Tuberculosis (TB)
Highly contagious bacterial infection that most often affects the lungs
Strep Throat
A bacterial infection of the throat
Measles
A highly contagious ciral disease characterized by fever and a rash that covers the entire body.
Rubella or German Measles
A viral disease with similar symptoms as measles that causes only a minor infection in children
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain often caused by a virus mosquitoes carry
Menigitis
An inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that cover the brain and spinal chord
Poliomyelitis (Polio)
An infectious disease of the central nervous caused by the virus
Hepatitis
An inflammation of the liver
Hepatitis A
The virus in contracted by eating or drinking food contaminated with the virus
Hepatitis B
Found in the body fluids and is spread by blood and/or sexual contact
Immunity
The body's natural resistance to many pathogens
Active Immunity
The body develops specific, long term anti-bodies to fight pathogens
Passive Immunity
Infant acquires immunity through its mother while in the womb and shortly after birth
Immunization
Additional help to establish immunity against specific pathogens
Passive Immunization
Provides immediate short lived protection against specific disease causing pathogens
Active Immunization
Also known as vaccination which involves the introduction to the body of a vaccine
Live-Virus Vaccine
Made from weakened viruses
Killed Virus Vaccine
Causes the body to produce anti-bodies but not as strong as a live virus
Toxiod
Made with chemically treated bacteria toxins
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