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Honors Chemistry Test

Terms in this set (56)

In a chemical reaction
The mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products
which observation does not indicate that a chemical reaction has occurred?
change in total mass of substances
When a solid produced by a chemical reaction separates from the solution it is called
a precipitate
The word equation solid carbon + oxygen gass ~> carbon dioxide gas + energy, represents a chemical reaction because
Carbon Dioxide has chemical properties that differ from those of C and O
in writing a chemical equation that produces hydrogen gas, the correct representation of hydrogen gas is
H\2/
what is the small whole number that appears in fromt of a formula in a chemical equation
A coefficient
to balance a cheical equation, it may be necessart to adjust the
Coefficients
according to the law of conservation of mass, the total mass of the reacting substances is
always equal to the total mass of the products
a chemical equation is balanced when
same number of each kind of atom appears in the reactants and in the products
In the word equation, sodium oxide + water ~> sodium hydroxide, the formula for sodium hydroxide is represented by
NaOH
Which word equation represents the reaction that produces water from hydrogen and oxygen/
Hydrogen plus oxygen yields water
How would oxygen be represented in the formula equation for the reaction of methane and oxygen to yield carbon dioxide and water?
O\2/
which of the following is a formula equation for the formation of carbon dioxide from carbon and oxygen
C + O\2/ ~>CO\2/
in chemical equation 2Mg(s) + O\2/(g) ~> 2MgO(s)
Mg represents the reactant magnesium
in an equation, the symbol for a substance in wter solution is followed by
(aq)
A chemical formula written over the arrow in a chemical equation signifies
a catalyst for the reaction
after the first steps in writing an equation, the equation is balanced by
adjusting coefficients to the smallest whole-number ratio
The complete balanced equation for the reaction between zinc hydroxide and acetic acid is
Zn(OH)\2/ + 2CH\3/COOH ~> Zn(CH\3/COO)\2/ + 2H\2/O
What is the balanced equation for the combustion of sulfur
S(s) + O\2/(g) ~>SO\2/(g)
which equation is not balanced
2H\2/ + O\2/ ~>H\2/O
in what kind of reaction do two or more sunstances combine to form a new compound
Synthesis reaction
the equation AX ~> A + X is the general equation for a
Decomposition reaction
In what kind of reaction does one element replace a similar element in a compound
Displacement reaction
The equation AX + BY ~> AY + BX is the general equation for a
Double-displacement reaction
The equation A + X ~> AX is the general equaiton for a
Synthesis reaction
in what kind of reaction does one element replace a similar element in a compound
Double-displacement reaction
In what kind of reaction does a single compound produce two or more simpler substances?
decomposition reaction
In what kind of reaction do the ions of two compounds exchange places in aqueous solution to form two new compounds?
Double-displacement reaction
In one type of synthesis reaction, an element combines with oxygen to yield a
oxide
the decomposition of a substance by an electric current is called
electrolysis
When heated, a metal carbonate decomposes into a metal oxide and
Carbon dioxide
Oxides of active metals, such as CaO, react with water to produce
Metal hydroxides
An active metal and a halogen react to form a
salt
When a binary compound decomposes, what is produces
two elements
Many metal hydroxides decompose when heated to yield metal oxides and
water
When a metal chlorate is heated, it decomposes to yield a metal chloride and
oxygen
Some acids, such as carbonic acid, decompose to nonmetal oxides and
water
When heated, metallic chlorates decompose into
metallic chlorides and oxygen
Group 1 metals react wit water to produce metal hydroxides and
aluminum
The replacement of bromine by chlorine in a salt is an example of a single displacement reaction by
halogens
When an insoluble solid compund is produced in a double displacement reaction, a
precipitate is formed
An insoluble gas that forms in a double-displacement reaction is aqueous solution
bubbles out of solution
In a double displacement reaction, hydrogen chloride and sodium hydroxide react to produce sodium chloride. Another product is
water
Active metals react with certain acids, such as hydrochloric acid, to yield a metal compound and
hydrogen
A precipitate may form in a double displacement reaction when
positive ions combine with negative ions
The reaction of calcium oxide, CaO, with water yields
calcium hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide decomposes to yield magnesium oxide and
water
If chlorine gas is produced by halogen replacement, the other halogen in the raction must be
fluorine
The ability of an element to react is the element's
electronegativity
What is the name of a list of elements arranged accoridng to the ease with which they undergo certain chemical reactions?
activity series
An element in the activity series can replace any element
below it on the list
What can be predicted by using an activity series
wheter a certain chemical reaction will occur
The activity series of metals indicates the ease with which metal
atoms loser electrons
If a certain metal is placed in an ionic solution containing another metal and no reaction occurs, then the metal originally in the solution is
higher on the activity series
Predict what happens when lead is added to nitric acid
hydrogen is released
Predict what happens when nickel is added to a solution of potassium chloride
no reactions occurs
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