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Biology- Chapter 18 Vocabulary (Viruses and Prokaryotes)

Terms in this set (23)

Biology Chapter 18 Vocabulary
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virus
an infectious particle made only of a strand of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat.
pathogen
any living organism or particle that can cause an infectious disease.
viroid
infectious particles that cause disease in plants.
prion
an infectious particle made only of protein that can cause other proteins to fold incorrectly.
capsid
protein shell that surrounds a virus.
bacteriophage
viruses that infect bacteria.
lytic infection
infectious pathway of a virus in which host cells are destroyed.
lysogenic infection
infectious pathway of a virus in which host cells are not immediately destroyed.
prophage
DNA of a bacteriophage inserted into a hosts cell's DNA.
epidemic
a rapid outbreak of an infection that affects many people.
vaccine
substance that stimulates an immune response, producing acquired immunity without illness or infection.
retrovirus
a virus that contains RNA and uses and enzyme (called reverse transcriptase) to make a DNA copy.
obligate anaerobe
prokaryotes that cannot live in the presence of oxygen.
obligate aerobe
organisms that need oxygen in their environment.
facultative aerobe
prokaryotes that can survive whether oxygen is present in the environment or not.
plasmid
a small piece of genetic material that can replicate separately from the prokaryote's main chromosome.
flagellum
a long whiplike structure outside of a cell that is used for movement.
conjugation
process by which a prokaryote transfers part of its chromosome to another prokaryote.
endospore
prokaryotic cell with a thick, protective wall surrounding its DNA.
bioremediation
a process that uses microbes and other living things to break down pollutants. example-some types of bacteria can digest oil.
toxin
a poison released by an organism
antibiotic
chemicals that kill or slow the growth of bacteria- work by stopping bacteria from making cell walls.
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