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Science of Adolescent Psychology

Terms in this set (17)

scientific method
a process that involves four steps: 1-conceptualize a problem and form a hypothesis, 2-design a research approach and collect data, 3-analyze data, and 4-draw conclusions & publish results
Cognitive
theory of development that emphasizes conscious thoughts and includes 2 important theories: Piaget's & Vygotsky's
Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory
a type of cognitive approach which states that children actively construct their understanding of the world and go through four stages of cognitive development (pg 30)
Vygotsky's Sociocultural Cognitive Theory
a type of cognitive approach that emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development
sensorimotor
Stage 1 of Piaget's Theory; from birth to 2yr; cognitions from senses
preoperational
Stage 2 of Piaget's Theory; 2-7yrs; cognitions are understood and expressed through words and visuals
concrete operational
Stage 3 of Piaget's Theory; 7-11yrs; cognitions through reason, mental operations, measurements, and organizational skills; (abstract concepts still too difficult)
formail operational
Stage 4 of Piaget's Theory; 11-adulthood; cognitions are complex and abstract and expression are in various forms of thinking
metacognition
thinking about thinking
postformal
a possible 5th stage for Piaget's theory; includes all types of thinking, wisdom, decision-making and practical thinking skills
zone of proximal development
Vygotsky's explanation for how we develop cognitively; we can only discover a small range of development independently - we need social interaction to develop further; we can obtain cognitive independence and seek out the right social interactions as we develop
critical thinking
the ability to analyze your options
creative thinking
the ability to come up with new options
convergent thinking
trying to reduce something down to one "right" answer
divergent thinking
seeing that there are multiple "right" answers
social cognitions
thinking of others
egocentric cognitions
thinking of yourself and thinking others are thinking about you too
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