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Civil Rights

Terms in this set (33)

14th Amendment
Defines citizenship and guarantees due process/ equal protection under the law.
15th Amendment
Cannot deny a person the right to vote based on their race.
Enfranchisement
To be given your citizenship/ civil rights, especially voting, to have them taken away is to be "disenfranchised".
Barriers to Voting
Poll tax, property requirement, literacy test, violence.
Jim Crow Laws
Laws (mostly in the South) that were meant to keep white and black society completely separate, and to disenfranchise African Americans.
Plessy v. Ferguson
1896 Supreme Court Case that will legitimize the Jim Crow Laws, says that Separate but Equal is just fine.
Solid South
Southern states that voted together to block ANY civil rights legislation.
Brown V. Board
1954 Supreme Court Decision that will order ALL schools to be integrated "with all deliberate speed", overturns the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling.
Sweatt v. Painter
1950, case won by the NAACP involving the right of Herman Sweatt, an African American, to attend Law School at the University of Texas, the court ruled that segregated education was not an equal education.
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, their goal was complete EQUALITY for African Americans, they will use the federal courts to achieve their goal.
Thurgood Marshall
NAACP lawyer, takes part in most civil rights cases, and first African American to be a justice on the Supreme Court.
Earl Warren
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, wrote the decision in Brown v. Board
Jackie Robinson
1947, First African American to cross over to "white" Major League Baseball.
Mendez V. Westminister
Made it illegal to segregate Mexican American children in California schools.
Delgado V. Bastrop ISD
Made it illegal to segregate Mexican American children in Texas schools.
Hernandez V. Texas
Mexican Americans had right to a jury that included Mexican Americans on it.
Edgewood ISD V. Kirby
Rich school districts must share their wealth with poor school districts
Boycott
Refusing to purchase a product or do business with a company until they change their behavior, this was the most effective form of protest during the civil rights movement.
Civil Disobedience
Refusing to obey a law because you believe it to be unjust/ unconstitutional.
Montgomery Bus Boycott
1955 one of the first civil rights protests, Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King, goal was to integrate busses, Supreme Court will order all busses integrated
Martin Luther King
Civil Rights leader, practiced non-violence, civil disobedience. Leader of the Montgomery Bus Boycott, March on Washington , and wrote Letter from Birmingham Jail, and I Have a Dream speech.
Malcolm X
Black Nationalism, Nation of Islam, preached black separatism, to hell with integration, blacks should remain separate.
Black Power
African Americans should embrace their heritage and culture, includes black separatism, started by Stokely Carmichael
Black Panther Party
Militant Civil Rights, believed violence was necessary, 10 Point Plan, led by Huey Newton
Central High School
President Eisenhower forcibly integrates a Little Rock Arkansas high school, one of the most visible incidents of civil rights movement.
Southern Governors
Orville Faubus, George Wallace, Lester Maddox; All resisted integration, claimed it was a states' rights issue.
Boynton v. Virginia
Banned segregation in facilities associated with interstate travel, this will include bus stations, airports, restaurants along the interstate.
Freedom Summer
Attempts by various civil rights groups to register southern African Americans to vote.
Selma March
Protest to register African American voters in the South, violence against protesters.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Will eliminate all barriers to voting, in all elections, this law will re enfranchise African Americans
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Most effective civil rights legislation ever, will ban discrimination in public facilities and make it illegal for employers to discriminate based on race and gender.
24th Amendment
Will eliminate the poll tax in elections.
Affirmative Action
giving someone preferential (employment, college admissions) treatment to correct past injustices.
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