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Drilling Rig Equipment

Terms in this set (25)

Gin Pole
An "A" frame structure located at the top of standard derricks used to lift and
lower the crown block into position.
Water Table
The water table is the walk-around at the top of standard derricks which
supports the crown block
Crown Block
A series of sheaves affixed in the top of the derrick used to change the
direction of pull from the drawworks to the traveling block.
Derrick
Vertical structure that allows vertical clearance and strength to raise and lower the
drill string. This structure with-stands two types of loading: compressive loading and wind
loading.
Types of Derricks:
Triple- has the capacity of pulling 90' stands of pipe
Double- has the capacity of pulling 60' stands of pipe
Single- has the capacity of pulling 30 'stands of pipe (one 30-ft joint)Standard Derricks - Four sided structures that must be assembled and disassembled when
transporting.
Portable Derricks - Telescoping and jackknife types. The telescoping derrick is raised and
lowered in an extending and collapsing fashion and lowered in one piece, but may be
disassembled to some degree after being lowered.
Stand
A stand generally consists of two to four joints of made-up drill pipe. The stand is
generally used when running or pulling the drill string in and out of the hole.
Monkey board
(Stabbing board) The platform on which the derrick man works when
tripping pipe.
Racking Fingers
Fingers or members where the stands are racked and secured while
tripping pipe.
Traveling Block
- The block and tackle which is rigged with the crown block by multiples
of drilling line strung between the crown block and the traveling block
Swivel
That part of the drill sting which connects the rotary hose to the drill string and
allows circulation and rotation at the same time
Kelly
The square or hexagonal member at the upper most part of the drill string
(immediately below the swivel) that passes through a properly fitting bushing known as
the kelly bushing or drivebushing. The drive bushing transmits rotary motion to the kelly
which results in the turning of the drill string.
Kelly Bushing/Drive Bushing
That bushing which fits inside the rotary bushing and
transmits rotary torque to the kelly.
Rotary Bushing
- The bushing that fits inside of the rotary table opening. This is where the
drill pipe and collar slips seat when the drill string is suspended from the rotary table for
connections or tripping pipe.
Rotary
Transmits the rotary motion or torque from the power source to the drive
bushing.
Kelly Cook
Safety valves located above and/or below the kelly. These valves are of a
ball type and must be manually operated. Their primary purpose is to prevent flow up the
drill string in case of emergencies. A third kelly cock is generally kept on the drill floor to
be used in the drill string in the event flow up the drill string occurs while making a
connection or tripping pipe. (Federal leases, USGS, requires two kelly cock valves- above
and below the kelly- and a third one on the drill floor in the opened position.) A secondary
use of the kelly cock valve below the kelly is to prevent the loss of mud from the kelly
while making a connection. This should be discouraged to prevent wear on the kelly cock
valve
Kelly Saver Sub
A sub located below the lower kelly cock valve. The function of this sub is
to prevent wear on the kelly's threads and to centralize the kelly by means of a rubber
protector, thus preventing wear on the kelly's hexagonal or square shape
Elevators
The elevators are used for latching on to the tool joint or lift sub of the drill pipe
or drill collars. This enables the lifting and lowering of the drill string while making a trip.
The elevators are connected to the hoisting system (traveling block) by means of bails
Hook
The hook is located beneath the traveling block. This device is used to pick up and
secure the swivel and kelly
Slips
Latch around the drill pipe and seat in the rotary bushing in the rotary table. The slips
support and transmit the weight of the drill string to the rotary table while making a
connection or tripping pipe.
A. Drill Pipe
B. Drill Collar
C. Casing
Drawworks
The principal parts of the drawworks are the drum, the drum brakes,
transmission, and cathead. The principal function is to convert the power source into a
hoisting operation and provide braking capacity to stop and sustain the weights imposed when
lowering or raising the drill string
Sandline
The sandline is a small drawworks system. The line is generally used for running
surveys or fishing for lost surveys. These units are usually integral parts of the drawwork.
Tongs
Large wrench-like devices that are used to tighten up and break out tool joints or
connections. The tongs are connected to the break out and make up catheads. Hydraulic tongs
are generally used to make up casing and tubing, deriving power from a hydraulic unit
Deadline Reel and Clamp
The drilling line strung through the traveling block and to the
drawworks is secured by the deadline, which is wrapped around the deadline reel and
clamped. This prevents the line from slipping and the traveling block from falling
Mud Pumps
Mud pumps are used for circulating the drilling fluid down the drill pipe and
out of the annulus. These are high-pressure and high-volume pumps. They can be doubleacting
duplex pumps or single-acting triplex pumps.
A. The double-acting duplex pump has four pumping actions per pump cycle.
B. The single-acting triplex pump has three pumping actions per pump cycle
Shale Shaker
The shale shaker is a contaminant removing device. It is used to remove the
coarser drill cuttings from the mud. This is generally the first solids-removing device and is
located at the end of the flow line. The shale shaker is composed of one or more vibrating
screens though which mud returns pass
Desander/Desilter
The desander and desilters are for contaminant or solids removal
purposes. These devices separate sand-size particles from the drilling mud. Both devices
operate like a hydrocyclone. The mud is pumped in at the top of the cyclone. This causes
the mud stream to hit the vortex finder which forces the mud down the cyclone in a
whirling fashion towards the apex of the cyclone. The heavier particles are forced outward
faster than the smaller particles. The heavier particles on the outside of the whirling fluid
are deposited out of the apex while the much smaller particles follow the path of the liquid
and reverse their path in the center and flow out of the cyclone through the vortex finder. If
used as a desander or desilter, the waste product is deposited at the bottom and the fluid
moving trough the vortex finder is returned to the active system
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