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Bioengineering Test

Terms in this set (39)

What are the three main areas of Bioengineering?
biological, agricultural, and biomedical engineering
What are the five fields of study in Bioengineering?
cell theory, evolution, genetics, homeostasis, energy
Cell theory
the study of cell structures.
Evolution
the study of how organisms and species evolve from different organisms.
Genetics
the study focused on the ways in which genes are used inside the cell structure.
Homeostasis
is the ability of an organism to regulate itself in order to maintain a constant state.
Energy
focused on how organisms survive through processing sources of energy , such as food.
Natural selection
the ability to adapt to the environment naturally.
Artificial selection
is the intentional selection of specific traits from one organism to put in another.
What are the two branches of biological engineering?
Genetics and Biomass
What are the two types of bioconversion?
Biochemical and thermochemical
Biochemical conversion
the use of bacteria, microorganisms and enzymes to breakdown biomass into gaseous or liquid fuels.
Thermochemical conversion
the application of heat and chemical processes in the production of energy products from biomass.
What are the three types of Biochemical conversion?
Fermentation, anaerobic digestion, and composting
Fermentation
Microorganisms to decompose a biomass to create a liquid fuel alcohol.
Anaerobic digestion
Microorganisms to degrade biological material in an environment without oxygen.
Composting
Creating piles of biomass and allowing the natural organisms to break down the biological composition of material.
What are three types of Thermochemical conversion?
Combustion, pyrolosis, gasification
Combustion
burning waste to create heat.
Pyrolosis
decomposing microorganisms to create charred materials such as charcoal with regulated heat and reduced oxygen.
Gasification
is the process of turning biomass into carbon dioxide and hydrogen through a controlled amount of high temperatures and oxygen.
Agricultural engineering
is a branch of biological engineering focused on crop an livestock production.
Bioengineering
is a field that uses biological organisms and other biological tools to help humans and other species live.
Biotechnology
the use of tools and resources to manipulate or model living organisms to meet human needs and wants.
Cells
are the structural and functional units of living things.
Gene
are the hereditary unit of living organisms that contain information about the traits from parents and give instruction to the rest of the cell on which traits to pass to the offspring.
Genetic engineering
the modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material.
Biomass
biological materials that are used as a source of energy to produce heat or electricity.
Herbicides
are chemicals sprayed by farmers to eliminate weeds that may damage a specific crop.
Crop yeild
a farmer's production per acre.
Food processing
is the transformation of raw ingredients, by physical or chemical means into food, or of food into other forms.
Gene gun
a device that injects the new gene into existing genetic makeup.
Cloning
is the use of genetic engineering to create an an exact copy of a living organism.
Monoclonal antibodies
work like natural antibodies in the body by finding the unwanted germ and attacking.
DNA Fingerprinting
is a method used by forensic scientists to identify humans by their genetic makeup.
Computerized tomography (CT) scan
produces a 3-D image inside an object.
Magnetic resonance (MRI) scanner
views detailed images of the inner components of a human body.
X-ray
is used to observe and give an image of the dense areas of the body, such as a bone.
Ethics
bioengineering deals with sensitive issues: Life, Human growth, Environment, Economics.
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