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Glands of the Endocrine System

Terms in this set (8)

Hypothalamus
regulation of the ANS (body temp, appetite, sweating, thirst, sexual behavior, rage, fear, BP, sleep), and other endocrine glands through its impact on the pituitary gland
Pituitary Gland
"Master gland" releases hormones that regulate several other endocrine glands.
secretes endorphins that act on the NS and reduce a person's sensitivity to pain.
control ovulation and works as a catalyst (a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change) for the testes and ovaries to create sex hormones
Thyroid Gland (ant/lateral surfaces of trachea, bow tie shape)
produces thyroxine, and triiodothyronine= control the rate at which cells burn the fuel from food.
an increase in thyroid hormones will increase rate of chemical reactions in the body
Parathyroid Glands (4 located on the post. surface of the thyroid)
produce parathyroid hormone (PTH)= antagonist to calcitonin and is important for the maintenance of normal blood levels of Ca2+ and phosphate. (which influence clotting, neuromuscular excitability, cell membrane permeability)
Adrenal Glands (on top of each kidney)
Adrenal cortex (outer portion)= produce corticosteroids which regulate water and Na balance, the body's response to stress, immune system, sexual development and fxn, metabolism
Adrenal medulla (inner)= epinephrine= increases HR and BP when there is an increase in stress
Pancreas (upper left quadrant, endocrine/exocrine tissues)
Islets of Langerhans (hormone producing cells of pancreas)
Alpha cells= glucagon (released when blood sugar levels become too low- releases stored sugar)
Beta cells= insulin (when blood sugar levels become too high- must be present for cells to utilize glucose)
these hormones combined work to ensure consistent levels of glucose in the bloodstream and proper storage of energy within the body
Ovaries
provide estrogen/progesterone that contribute to regulation of menstrual cycle and pregnancy.
Estrogen- secreted by ovarian follicles = development/maintenance of female sex characteristic ie breast development and cycles of reproductive system
Progesterone- produced by corpus luteum= fxns to maintain the lining of the uterus at a necessary level for pregnancy
Testes (located in scrotum)
secrete androgens (most importantly testosterone) = regulate body changes associated c sexual development and support sperm production
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