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American History Ch 14

Terms in this set (44)

totalitarianism
a political system where the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible
Joseph Stalin
"man of steel"; took Lenin's place as the head of the Communist Party in Russia
Benito Mussolini
leader of Italy who founded the Fascia di Combattimento, or the Fascist Party
Adolf Hitler
led the Nazi Party in Germany which was a political party known as the German Worker's Party; Nazi were antisemitic or prejudice against Jewish people
appeasement
to pacify someone by acceding to their demands
Good Neighbor Policy
Franklin Roosevelt's policy to improve relations with Latin America and the Soviet Union
Anschluss
the union of Germany and Austria in 1933
Munich Pact
agreement made between Germany, Italy, Great Britain, and France in 1938 that sacrificed the Sudetenland to preserve peace
Why did totalitarian states rise after WWI, and what did they do?
Countries were in such a deep depression, people needed a strong leader to get them out;abandoned democracy because they believed that one strong leader would get them out;
totalitarian states outlawed all other parties, give commands and ban things such as books and movies, along with having control over the economy and religion completely
How did WWI contribute to the rise of dictators in Europe?
things went from worst to bad encouraging dictators; most countries were first forced to experience with democracy after the war, then the depression hits and citizens blame democracy for it and turn to dictators
How were Germany and Japan similar in the 1930s? How were they different?
Similar-
Economically, they are both affected by the Great Depression
Military takes great control over the country
Both started as democracy nations

Different-
japan didn't have enough natural resources to turn their country around, however Germany did
How did the policy of appeasement encourage aggression?
Appeasement is the policy of granting concessions to a potential enemy in the hope that it will maintain peace; it encouraged aggression because Hitler continuously tested the Treaty of Versailles and when he sees that Britain and France do nothing to stop him, he expands his rule
Nazi Soviet Nonaggression Pact
a pact signed on August 23, 1939 with the Soviet Union and Germany in 1. agreement to not attack one another. 2. They would invade Poland on opposite sides.
Blitzkrieg
"lightning war" that emphasized the use of speed and fire power to penetrate deep into the enemy's territory
Axis Powers
(1939)
-Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, and Japan
(1941)
-Germany, Italy, Japan
Allied Powers
(1939)
-Britain and France
(1941)
-Britain, US, and USSR, China, France
Winston Churchill
new prime minister of Britain in the time of WWII
Battle of Britain (the Blitz)
air battle fought over the English Channel and Britain
Nye Committee Report
discovering if America was pulled into WWI by the fact of merchants and bankers gaining profit; little evidence but believed that the merchants of death were a factor
Neutrality Act of 1939
act that allowed nations at war to buy goods and arms in the United States if they paid cash and carried the merchandise on their own ships; was open to any country but truly was to aid Britain
American First Committee
an isolationists group that held rallies and sponsored speeches that criticized Roosevelt's openly pro-British policies; Charles Lindbergh was the leader of the isolationist voice
Tripartite Pact
agreement that created an alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan during WWII
Selective Service Act of 1940
draft before war was declared in case America got involved; wanted to be prepared so they trained 1.2 million troops and 800,000 reserve troops each year
"Four Freedoms" speech
speech talking about the four freedoms of speech, worship, from want, and from fear; Roosevelt talked that they were threatened by the Nazi and Japanese militarism
Lend-Lease Act
act passed in 1941 that allowed President Roosevelt to lend war supplies to any country whose defense he considered vital to the safety of the US
Atlantic Charter
FDR and Churchill/ a joint declaration made in August 1941 by Great Britain and the United States, during WWII, that endorsed national self-determination and an international system of general security
How did Americans react to events in Europe Asia in the early years of WWII?
Didn't feel like it was their problem; didn't want to get involved in the european war; passed Neutrality acts in 1935, 1936 and 1937 to reinforce America's place of neutrality
Describe the course of World War II in Europe until the end of 1940.
Germany seemed to be winning the war because it had won most of the battles and had taken over several countries in Western Europe.
How did FDR's Good Neighbor Policy alter the previous "Big Stick" Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
The good neighbor policy focused on creating trust and forming a relationship with other countries rather the Big Stick who promoted the use of military to enforce US power upon a country
Why did members of the America First Committee believe that the United States should avoid war with Germany?
Focus on America or domestic issues instead of intervening with others' business
What was the purpose of the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 and how were they modified by the Neutrality Act of 1939
They were to remain neutral; however the act in 1939 implemented cash and carry, or a way to aid other countries (Britain)
FDR gave Britain 50 old battleships in exchange for 8 British military bases (called the "Destroyer for Bases Deal") Why do you think FDR did this?
FDR did this because when Britain runs out of money, America lends Britain everything they need to be successful in the war; so Britain is trying to pay back with some form of payment to the US
Hideki Tojo
known as 'the Razor' for his sharp mind; in 1941 became the prime minster of Japan and focused on military expansion
Pearl harbor
American military base attacked by the Japanese on December 7, 1941; push factor of joining the war
Douglas MacArthur
in 1941, he was the commander of the US Army forces in Asia
Bataan Death March
during WWII, the forced march of American and Filipino prisoners of war under brutal conditions by the Japanese military
Battle of Coral Sea
WWIII battle that took place between Japanese and American aircraft carriers
What proof is given that Japan had an expansionist policy in Asia, and the Pacific before that attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii?
the Japanese Empire expanded into China and Indochina
How did the United States react to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii?
US wanted to go to war angrily; this forced democrats and republicans to put their differences aside and unify to win the global war
Was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor a success or failure from the Japanese point of view? Explain.
Success; because it gave Japan time to expand more into China and Indochina which was their major goal
Provide specific examples of the America people, including women and ethnic minorities, providing help to their countries during WWII?
over 16 million American soldiers fought in the war; over 350,000 women served as nurses, truck drivers, clerks and lab technicians and also helped domestically in the factories; ethnic minorities fought for America in segregated units
Provide specific examples of massive mobilization of American economic resources during WWII
made materials for our armies along with the UK and USSR forces; government set up war production board from domestic to war industry; distributed resources or materials to industry
How did the Ford Motor Company and the Kaiser shipyards help the war effort?
Ford Motor company poured all its resources into war production and Kaiser increased production of large boats to making them in 4 days
Why was the Battle of Coral Sea a turning point for the Allies?
It was a victory because America stopped Japan from advancing to Australia; showing that America isn't going to get pushed over
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