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Epi Ch1&2

Terms in this set (27)

Epidemic
The occurrence in a community or region of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy
Pandemic
An epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries, and usually affecting a large number of people
Epidemiology
is concerned with the distribution and determinants of health and diseases, morbidity, injuries, disability, and mortality in populations. Epidemiologic studies are applied to the control of health problems in populations.
Key Characteristics of Epidemiology
Population Focus
Distribution
Determinants
Outcomes
Quantification
Control of Health Problems
Descriptive epidemiology
refers to epidemiologic studies concerned with characterizing the amount and distribution of health and disease within a population.
(number)
Analytic epidemiology
examines causal (etiologic) hypotheses regarding the association between exposures and health conditions. (relations)
...
historical use of epidemiology documents the patterns, types, and causes of morbidity and mortality over time
Community Health Use
diagnose the health of the community and the condition of the people, to measure the true dimensions and distribution of ill-health in terms of incidence, prevalence, disability and mortality
Health Services Use
study the working of health services with a view to their improvement
Risk Assessment Use
To estimate from the group experience what are the individual risks on average of disease, accident and defect, and the chances of avoiding them
Disease Causality Use
To search for causes of health and disease by computing the experience of groups defined by their composition, inheritance and experience, their behaviour [sic] and environments
Counting and Tabulating Cases
Data cleaning: the review of data for accuracy and completeness

A clean data set contains a group of data that are ready for coding and analysis.
Bar Chart
shows the frequency of cases for categories of a categorical (discrete) variable
Line Graph
Used to display trends
Continuous Variable
variable that could have an infinite number of values along a continuum
Pie Chart
circle that shows the proportion of cases according to several categories
Ratio
The value obtained by dividing one quantity by another
Proportion
Type of ratio in which numerator is part of denominator
Ex.Male Aids vs Female Aids
Percentage
Proportion that is multiplied by 100
Rate
type of ratio where the numerator is usually count and denominator is time elapsed
Count
number of cases of a disease or other health phenomenon being studied
Incidence
occurrence of new cases of disease
Incidence Rate
rate formed by dividing the number of new cases that occur during a time period by the number of individuals in the population at risk
Prevalence
number of existing cases of disease
Point Prevelance
cases of a disease, health condition, or deaths that exist at a particular point in time relative to a specific population from which the cases are derived.
Period Prevealence
All cases of a disease within a period of time
Lifetime Prevealance
Cases diagnosed at any time during the person's lifetime
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