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Cultures

Terms in this set (45)

culture
the total of knowledge attitudes and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of a group
society
a community of people living in a particular place
ethnic group
a specific group that shares a language, customs, and a common heritage
innovation
A new method, idea, product, etc:
diffusion
the spread of ideas and inventions
cultural hearth
a place where important ideas began and spread
acculturation
when society changes because it accepts or adopts an innovation
dialect
version of a language that reflects changes in speech patterns
religion
the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power
Judaism
Concentrated in Israel, it's the oldest monotheistic religion.
Christianity
The religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth,
Islam
The religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah.
Buddhism
an offshoot of Hinduism, Buddhism developed about 563 B.C.
Hinduism
the dominant religion of india
birthrate
number of childbirths per 1000 people per year
fertility rate
average number children a woman would have in her lifetime
mortality rate
number of deaths per 1000 people per year
infant mortality rate
Number of deaths among infants under age one per 1000 live births
rate of natural increase
population growth rate = birthrate - mortality rate
population pyramid
A graphic device that shows sex and age distrubution
push-pull factors
push: drives people away pull: draws to somewhere new
population density
the number of people living per unit of an area
carrying capacity
The number of organisms a piece of land can support.
state
an independent political unit; usually a country
nation
people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory.
nation-state
when a nation and a state occupy the same territory
democracy
a form of government where people rule themselves
monarchy
a form of government when the leader is held until death and rule is passed to his heirs
dictatorship
An individual or group holds complete political power in a country
communism
government that plans and controls all aspects of society and the economy
landlocked
Having no outlet to the sea
city
large populations or the center of business
suburb
The area surrounding a big city
metropolitan area
functional area including city, suburbs, and exurbs linked economically
urbanization
make or become urban in character
central business district
The core of a city is almost always based on commercial activity.
economy
the exchange of goods and services among people
economic system
economy: the system of production and distribution and consumption.
command economy
economic system in which production of goods and services is determined by a central government
market economy
a type of ecomomic system in which production of goods and services is determined by the demand from consumers
natural resources
resources that can be formed naturally; or found in nature
infrastructure
support system to keep an economy going including power, communications, transportation
per capita income
a country's average amount of money per person
GNP
total value of all goods and services produced by a country; could include factories in other countries
GDP
total value of all goods and services produced within a country
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